Publishing a disparate live media output stream that complies with distribution format regulations

ABSTRACT

A system and a method is provided for publishing a disparate live media output stream that complies with distribution format regulations. The system includes a memory for storing instructions and a processor that executes the instructions. Based on the instructions, the processor is manipulates a manifest of a live input stream based on a media segment identified for an edit. The manipulation of the manifest corresponds to removal of references to the media segment prior to a live event start indicator and after a live event end indicator, maintenance of indicators that mark locations of a non-programming content, and removal of duration information and referenced media segment that corresponds to originally scheduled non-programming content. A pre-encoded media asset is generated for a repeated playback based on the manipulation of the manifest of the live input stream.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS/INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

This Patent Application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 17/340,677, filed on Jun. 7, 2021, which is further aDivisional Application of U.S. Pat. No. 11,082,734, issued on Aug. 3,2021.

This application makes reference to:

-   U.S. Pat. No. 10,880,606, issued on Dec. 29, 2020;-   U.S. Pat. No. 10,924,804, issued on Feb. 16, 2021; and-   U.S. Pat. No. 11,109,086, issued on Aug. 3, 2021.

Each of the above referenced patent applications is hereby incorporatedherein by reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

Certain embodiments of the disclosure relate to a television contentpackaging and distribution system. More specifically, certainembodiments of the disclosure relate to a method and system forpublishing a disparate live media output stream that complies withdistribution format regulations.

BACKGROUND

The past decade has witnessed a massive expansion of live web simulcastservices in the field of advertisement-based broadcasting and cablenetworking systems. Broadcasting platforms usually refer to types ofnetworks that are used to deliver media content to viewers. Currently,all the broadcasting platforms, such as analog terrestrial broadcast,digital terrestrial broadcast, direct-to-home satellite broadcast,cable, Internet Protocol (IP), and over-the-top television (OTT),compete and strive to increase their appeal in order to gain wideraudience.

Modern web streaming protocols, such as HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) andDynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH), are implemented to supportstreaming of live content services, such as DIRECTV NOW℠, SLING TV℠ andPLAYSTAYION™ VUE, to consumer devices. Traditional service providers,such as COMCAST℠, also have set-top boxes capable of receiving bothlegacy broadcast distribution protocols, as well as modern web streamingprotocols. However, such traditional service providers are constrainedby the number of broadcast channels they can support on the legacyinfrastructure and are more likely to allow more niche-based programmingusing Internet-based distribution.

Technically, such modern web streaming protocols break media contentinto numerous small broadcast content segments, typically less than 10seconds in length. Modern web streaming protocols further implement amanifest that corresponds to a dataset that may instruct a media playerwhat broadcast content segments to retrieve and play next.

Such modern web streaming protocols further support pre-encoded mediaassets, such as video-on-demand (VOD) assets, and live input streams,such as live media content, as well. The VOD assets prepared for webdistribution may have a sequence of short duration video segments aswell as a pre-encoded media asset manifest. The sequence may includeseparate physical files or pointers (real or to be calculated) to theshort broadcast content segments inside a larger file. The pre-encodedmedia asset manifest may list all the video segments that make up thefull length of the pre-encoded media asset. Alternatively, thepre-encoded media asset manifest may include instructions for the mediaplayer to be able to determine all the video segments of the pre-encodedmedia asset.

On the other hand, in the case of live input streams, new short livebroadcast content segments may be made available as soon as they arecreated. In some protocols, each new short media content segment isadded to a live input stream manifest while in others the media playeris provided necessary information to calculate the next live mediacontent segment. In the latter case, a signal in the live media contentsegment is used to inform the media player to re-inspect the live inputstream manifest for a change in the live media content segment.

The pre-encoded media asset manifest, the live input stream manifest,and/or the broadcast content segments (in the pre-encoded media assetand/or the live input stream) may also include and/or specify additionalinformation to facilitate the media player to transition smoothlybetween media content streams from different sources. The manifest maybe used for creating a playlist of multiple media content files, or forinterrupting media content stream with advertising and then resuming themedia content stream.

Typically, in the broadcast industry, production control systems areutilized to allow an operator to switch between live input streamsreceived from live sources, play pre-encoded media assets, such as VODassets, insert and trigger non-programming content, and insert graphicaltreatment, such as network and program rating bugs. Further, for sourceswithout embedded closed captions, the production control systems alsosupport providing an audio feed to an operator, such as a stenographer,for creation and insertion of the closed captions. The output of suchproduction control systems are referred to as a fully produced feedready for distribution.

However, such production control systems require the live sources to beaggregated at a central location, so that the production control systemscan decode corresponding live input streams for processing. Theaggregation and decoding is essential in case of live input streams ascorresponding schedule 111 s tend to change owing to various reasons,such as when live events or programs end early or run long. In case ofthe pre-encoded media assets, fast switching may be required between theredundant broadcast air chains in case of a failure. But, this approachis expensive and is therefore suited for such channels that can attractlarge audiences to justify the cost.

Given the trends toward media content distribution using such streamingprotocols, there is required a system to eliminate the need to aggregateand decode the live sources at a central location. Thus, an advancedsystem may be required that reduces the production cost, and alsoprovide enhanced viewer experience to increase viewer appeal in order togain a wider audience.

Further limitations and disadvantages of conventional and traditionalapproaches will become apparent to one of skill in the art, throughcomparison of such systems with some aspects of the present disclosureas set forth in the remainder of the present application with referenceto the drawings.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

Systems and/or methods are provided for publishing a disparate livemedia output stream that complies with distribution format regulations,substantially as shown in and/or described in connection with at leastone of the figures, as set forth more completely in the claims.

These and other advantages, aspects and novel features of the presentdisclosure, as well as details of an illustrated embodiment thereof,will be more fully understood from the following description anddrawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a block diagram that illustrates an exemplary system forpublishing a disparate live media output stream that complies withdistribution format regulations, in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram that illustrates an exemplary stream playoutand distribution system for publishing a disparate live media outputstream that complies with distribution format regulations, in accordancewith an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 2A illustrates segmentation of live input streams and pre-encodedmedia assets for the schedule for publishing a disparate live mediaoutput stream that complies with distribution format regulations, inaccordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 2B illustrates various exemplary scenarios to virtualize productioncontrol functions, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of thedisclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary scenario associated with a disparatelive media output stream that complies with distribution formatregulations by the VPC system 115, in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment of the disclosure.

FIGS. 4A and 4B collectively depict a flowchart illustrating exemplaryoperations for publishing a disparate live media output stream thatcomplies with distribution format regulations by the media packaging anddistribution system of FIG. 1B, in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 5 depicts another flowchart illustrating exemplary operations forpublishing a disparate live media output stream that complies withdistribution format regulations by the media packaging and distributionsystem of FIG. 1B, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of thedisclosure.

FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a hardwareimplementation for the media packaging and distribution system employinga processing system for publishing a disparate live media output streamthat complies with distribution format regulations, in accordance withan exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

Certain embodiments of the disclosure may be found in a method andsystem for publishing a disparate live media output stream that complieswith distribution format regulations. Various embodiments of thedisclosure provide a method and system that virtualizes the productioncontrol functions, eliminating the need to aggregate and decode the livesources at a central location to not only provide channel offerings incost-effective manner but also provide enhanced viewer experience toincrease their appeal in order to gain wider audience. Further, themethod and system may be configured to edit portions of the archivedcontent prior to replay.

Various embodiments of the disclosure may provide one or more processorsin a system. The one or more processors may generate a preview based ona low-latency protocol for a plurality of live input streams. Inaccordance with an embodiment, the plurality of live input streams mayinclude additional audio content that identifies location and durationof a non-programming content for live events that correspond to theplurality of live input streams. One or more media segments of a liveinput stream of the plurality of live input streams are edited based onmanipulation of a manifest of the live input stream. The one or moreprocessors may further generate an updated schedule based on one or moreevents identified in the preview of live input streams in real-time. Theupdated schedule may include one or more transitions between theplurality of live input streams and a plurality of pre-encoded mediaassets. The one or more processors may further generate a disparate livemedia output stream manifest based on manipulation of manifests of theplurality of live input streams and the plurality of pre-encoded mediaassets in accordance with the updated schedule. The generated disparatelive media output stream manifest may be delayed to allow decisionsbased on the previewed live input streams in a disparate live mediaoutput stream. The generated disparate live media output stream manifestmay correspond to a disparate live media output stream. The disparatelive media output stream may include programming content andnon-programming content available to the one or more processors forimmediate consumption. The disparate live media output stream complieswith distribution format regulations.

FIG. lA is a block diagram that illustrates an exemplary system forpublishing a disparate live media output stream that complies withdistribution format regulations, in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment of the disclosure. Referring to FIG. 1A, the system 100,comprises a media packaging and distribution system 102, communicativelycoupled to published data sources 104 a, . . . , 104 n, and Addecisioning servers 106 a, . . . , 106 n, via a network 108 and/or otherprogrammatic means. There are also shown consumer devices 110 a, . . . ,110 n communicatively coupled to the media packaging and distributionsystem 102 via the network 108. The media packaging and distributionsystem 102 includes a stream playout and distribution system 112. Thesystem 100 further includes an ad/promo campaign manager 114, a virtualproduction control (VPC) system 115, a live stream encoder/packager 116,a Live to On-Demand toolkit system 117, a source device 118, a machineand/or human captioning system 119, and an external data source 120communicatively coupled to the media packaging and distribution system102 via the network 108.

The media packaging and distribution system 102 may comprise suitablelogic, circuitry, and interfaces that may be configured to execute codethat handles media content comprising audio, video, images, metadata,manifests, and/or other data (embedded and/or externally referenced).The media content may include a video, an audio, a combination of audioand video presentations, and/or embedded or externally referencedmetadata, a combination of multiple-audio, multiple-video, and/orembedded or externally referenced metadata. Accordingly, the mediapackaging and distribution system 102 provides a disparate live mediaoutput stream that complies with distribution format regulations.

In this regard, the media packaging and distribution system 102 mayprovide video programming services to viewers, usually for asubscription fee (such as pay television). The media packaging anddistribution system 102 also handles distribution, for example,multicasting, unicasting, broadcasting, streaming, for one or morechannels to be viewed on one or more of the consumer devices 110 a, . .. , 110 n.

The media packaging and distribution system 102 may be operated by anentity related to handling or distribution of media content, forexample, a broadcast provider or operator, or a network provider ornetwork operator. The entity related to handling or distribution ofmedia content may also be referred to as a content owner, a distributor,a syndicator, a re-distributor, a content aggregator, a search,discovery, or cataloging service provider, or any other entity activelyor passively involved with the distribution, cataloging, or referencingof complete or partial presentations of media content. Throughout thisdocument, the terms broadcast provider or broadcast operator, andnetwork provider or network operator may be utilized to refer to theentity related to handling or distribution of media content,interchangeably. The broadcast provider may handle a single channel or aplurality of channels, or one or more networks. The broadcast providermay be configured to distribute content via one or more platforms, forexample, traditional over-the-air broadcast channels, radio, cabletelevision networks, satellite communication networks, the Internet,and/or other content delivery networks (CDNs). In this regard, thebroadcast provider may be configured to execute code that communicateslinear video feeds (also referred to as a network television feed orbroadcast feed) to the media packaging and distribution system 102. In abroadcast chain, the broadcast provider may receive actual content, forexample, from a production studio, in a serial digital interface (SDI)video interface and/or on a high-definition SDI (HD-SDI) videointerface, process the content, such as insertion of graphics, closedcaptions, preparation of schedule 111, insertion of triggers, and thelike, and final delivery by a broadcasting apparatus. The linear videofeed may be provided as a multi-program transport stream (MPTS) (alsoreferred to as a live video feed) to the media packaging anddistribution system 102, via the network 108. The MPTS may bedistributed over traditional means as the MPTS may receive the scheduleand be made aware of blackouts, show overruns or last-minute showreplacements only. The broadcast provider may be owned by (or associatedto) a broadcast provider or operator, a network provider or operator, ora content provider or operator.

The media packaging and distribution system 102 may receive the MPTS,which includes the signaling content and metadata, from the broadcastprovider based on, for example, current society of cabletelecommunication engineers (SCTE) standards (SCTE-35 and SCTE-224) tocontrol web and regional blackouts, network end of day switching, andadvertisement insertion. For example, the media packaging anddistribution system 102 may be signaled for various blackout types within-band SCTE-35 message. Further, the media packaging and distributionsystem 102 may receive program metadata that specifies certain events oroperations, such as, for example, when to blackout shows. Examples oflegacy distribution system that may be benefitted from the mediapackaging and distribution system 102 may include direct-broadcastsatellite (DBS) providers, cable television (CATV) systems, and otherwireline video providers and competitive local exchange carriers (CLECs)using, for example, IPTV.

Each of the plurality of published data sources 104 a, . . . , 104 n maybe coupled to one or more television networks and may comprise suitablelogic, circuitry, and interfaces that may be configured to execute codethat provides actual audiences for programs that were distributed. Asillustrated in FIG. 1A, the plurality of published data sources 104 a, .. . , 104 n are coupled to the media packaging and distribution system102 via the network 108 and configured to monitor audience drift to oraway from a tuned channel airing a live media output stream. Anexemplary published data source may be Nielsen. Another exemplarypublished data source may be a published database that provides ratingsfor a media item, such as gross rating point (GRP). The GRP is anadvertising or promotion impact measure for each advertising and/orpromotional campaigns, known in the art. Other exemplary published datasources may also include direct/indirect access to other public orprivate data sources (persistent or ephemeral) through programmaticmeans.

The Ad decisioning servers 106 a, . . . , 106 n may comprise suitablelogic, circuitry, and interfaces that may be configured to implement atleast an advertisement decisioning component that may be used during areal-time content or advertisement placement activity, for exampleduring dynamic ad insertion. For example, commercial or non-commercialadvertisements may be dynamically inserted within program segments ofthe live input streams based on the detected upcoming indicator, such asan inbound trigger, a signaling point, and/or a signal in a pre-encodedmedia asset and/or a live input stream by the Ad decisioning servers 106a, . . . , 106 n. The Ad decisioning servers 106 a, . . . , 106 n mayreceive a request for retrieval of non-programming content, for example,ads, from a non-programming content proxy server (not shown).Specifically, the Ad decisioning servers 106 a, . . . , 106 n mayreceive the request from one or more of the consumer devices 110 a, . .. , 110 n, via the non-programming content proxy server (not shown). Therequest may be received when one or more indicators and/or pre-encodedplace holder content segment for a scheduled duration of one or morenon-programming content breaks. The scheduled durations of one or morenon-programming content breaks may be defined by a received schedule111, and are encountered in the disparate live media output streammanifest during media content playout by media players at the one ormore of the consumer devices 110 a, . . . , 110 n.

Thus, for requests received from the consumer devices 110 a, . . . , 110n, based on corresponding disparate live media output stream manifests,the Ad decisioning servers 106 a, . . . , 106 n may identify theopportunities for the real-time content or advertisement placementactivity. In this regard, as the advertisement decisioning component ofthe Ad decisioning servers 106 a, . . . , 106 n is implemented in aconsumer device, such as one or more of the consumer devices 110 a, . .. , 110 n, the Ad decisioning servers 106 a, . . . , 106 n may identifyreal-time content or advertisement placement opportunity for dynamic adinsertion. For example, commercial or non-commercial advertisements maybe dynamically inserted within program segments of a media feed based onthe detected indicator, such as upcoming inbound trigger, signalingpoint, and/or signal, in the disparate live media output stream manifestby the Ad decisioning servers 106 a, . . . , 106 n when the addecisioning component is implemented in the consumer device. In variousembodiments, the advertisement decisioning component of the Addecisioning servers 106 a, . . . , 106 n may be configured to determinewhich advertisements, graphical treatment graphics and presentationinformation to serve to the consumer devices 110 a, . . . , 110 n basedon stream ID, a program ID, a geographical location, time, and anypreferences associated with an individual consumer or an advertisementID specified by the disparate live media output stream manifest.

The network 108 may be any kind of network, or a combination of variousnetworks, and it is shown illustrating exemplary communication that mayoccur between the Ad decisioning servers 106 a, . . . , 106 n and themedia packaging and distribution system 102. For example, the network108 may comprise one or more of a cable television network, theInternet, a satellite communication network, a wide area network (WAN),a medium area network (MAN), and a local area network (LAN). Although anetwork 108 is shown, the disclosure is not limited in this regard;accordingly, other exemplary modes may comprise uni-directional orbi-directional distribution, such as packet-radio or satellite.Furthermore, the network 108 may be an exemplary embodiment of adistribution system.

The consumer devices 110 a, . . . , 110 n may refer to end-user devicesor consumption devices where the content is played to be consumed by auser. The number of impressions of a media item, such as anadvertisement and/or promotional media, on such consumer devices 110 a,. . . , 110 n determines the advertising impact or promotion impact andnumber of actual audiences achieved during campaigns. Examples of theconsumer devices 110 a, . . . , 110 n may include, but are not limitedto, connected TVs, connected TV with paired and/or connected devices(e.g., HDMI sticks, tablets), personal computer, smartphone, tablet, OTTset-top, or hybrid set-top, and second screen devices such assmartphones, tablets, game consoles, personal computers, set-top boxes,and embedded devices. The consumer devices 110 a, . . . , 110 n mayfurther include process/system that may process the output for anymeans, regardless of the capability or intent to decode for mediapresentation, and on which the consumer may launch a web page, a webapplication, or a web service to view media content.

The stream playout and distribution system 112 may comprise suitablelogic, circuitry, and interfaces that may be configured to execute acode to generate a plurality of disparate live media output streammanifests by manipulating manifests of pre-encoded media assets and/orpre-encoded live input streams. In accordance with an embodiment, theplurality of disparate live media output stream manifests may begenerated for consumer devices 110 a, . . . , 110 n based on respectiveability to support one-to-one targeted insertion of non-programmingcontent, such as ads. In accordance with another embodiment, theplurality of disparate live media output stream manifests may begenerated for media players, such as IP receivers, based on respectivegeographic locations. The stream playout and distribution system 112 maybe configured to encrypt and protect (by means of digital rightsmanagement) the plurality of disparate live media output streammanifests before distribution to such media players.

The ad/promo campaign manager 114 may comprise suitable logic,circuitry, and interfaces that may be configured to execute a code toreceive non-programming content, such as ad and/or promotional contentcampaigns, from ad sales. Such ad campaigns may be sold including, forexample, audience targets, creatives, length of campaign, separationrules, and the like. The ad/promo campaign manager 114 may furtherreceive windows for the campaigns along with desired audiencedemographics and segments, and ad versions. The ad/promo campaignmanager 114 may be configured to inform the stream playout anddistribution system 112 when new ads or promos are entered in to thead/promo campaign manager 114 by the ad sales.

The live stream encoder/packager 116 may comprise suitable logic,circuitry, and interfaces that may be configured to execute a code toencode and package the live feeds or live source streams to generatelive input streams. The live stream encoder/packager 116 may be furtherconfigured to generate a plurality of live input stream manifestscorresponding to the each of the live input streams. Various mediacontainer formats of the live input streams may include, but are notlimited to, transport stream (TS), fragmented MP4 (fMP4), Common MediaApplication Format (CMAF) and the like. Various formats of the pluralityof live input stream manifests or playlists, may include, but are notlimited to DASH and HLS. The generated live input streams and manifestsmay be used for distribution, such as Internet distribution. Thegenerated live input streams and manifests may be further published to acontent delivery system for delivery to various consumer devices 110 a,. . . , 110 n.

The VPC system 115 may comprise suitable logic, circuitry, andinterfaces that may be configured to execute a code to allow an operatorto receive preview of live input streams and manually update theschedule 111in near-real time to insert non-programming content, such asad breaks, in programming content, such as live events. The VPC system115 may be further configured to switch to an alternate live sourcestream or a pre-encoded media asset, based on one or more reasons, suchas technical issues, provide an alternate view (camera angle), delay thenext event in the schedule 111 if a current live event runs long, insertfiller programming content if a live event ends early, and insertoverlay indicators to signal insertion or removal of non-programmingcontent, such as ratings bugs, program bugs, or the like. The VPC system115 may be configured to generate an output feed which is ready fordistribution.

The Live to On-Demand toolkit system 117 may comprise suitable logic,circuitry, and interfaces that may be configured to execute a code tomanage the capture of media content from a live input stream to createon an On-Demand or a pre-encoded media asset. The Live to On-Demandtoolkit system 117 may a plurality of tools to support simple editing ofthe captured asset prior to publishing it to the content delivery system160. The Live to On-Demand toolkit system 117 may be further configuredto select, extract, and decrypt a defined range of one or more mediasegments for additional one or more edits.

The source devices 118 may comprise suitable logic, circuitry, andinterfaces that may be configured to communicate a live media feed orlive input streams of a channel, such as an existing channel, to themedia packaging and distribution system 102. In accordance with anembodiment, the live input streams of the channel may correspond to abroadcast feed. The source device 118 may be communicatively coupled tothe network 108.

The machine and/or human captioning system 119 may correspond to aman-machine interface or an artificial intelligence (AI) tool that maylisten to the audio track and may provide a text translationcorresponding to the audio track. The test translation may furtherinclude descriptions, such as laughing, crying, cheering, knock at door,and the like, to define what is happening in the audio track. Inaccordance with an embodiment, the machine and/or human captioningsystem 119 may provide the text translation to the VPC system 115 in aWeb Video Text Tracks Format (WebVTT) format which displays timed texttracks (such as subtitles or captions) using a track element.

The external data source 120 may comprise suitable logic, circuitry, andinterfaces that may be configured to execute code that handles retrievaland storage of audience data that corresponds to subscribers of theconsumer devices 110 a, . . . , 110 n. The audience data may includedemographics data, audience targeting data, trending data, device typedata, device platform data, and content recognition-based data, such asautomatic content recognition (ACR)-based data. The trending datacomprises information on what's trending in the social networks (orplatforms), such as Twitter®, Facebook®, and the like. The trending dataalso comprises information on what's trending based on socialengagement, such as number of likes or votes to a particular media item,or number of people watching a particular media item. The trending datamay indicate an aggregate interest level of a number of users in thesocial networks for a particular media item. For example, a thousand ormore shares, or likes by a number of users may indicate a highly popularmedia item.

In operation, a stream publishing engine (further shown in FIG. 1B) inthe media packaging and distribution system 102 may generate a previewof the live input streams based on a low-latency protocol. The previewmay be generated based on an insertion of a new segment from thescheduled live input stream manifest into a preview manifest of the liveinput streams on an interval not greater than the previous contentsegment duration. The low-latency protocol may be a protocol, forexample the real time streaming protocol (RTSP), may provide significantreduction in latency by simply reducing the size (or duration) ofreferenced media segments through sub-segmentation. Accordingly, the VPCsystem 115 may be configured to generate an updated schedule based onone or more events identified in the preview of the plurality of liveinput streams in real-time. The updated schedule may include one or moretransitions between the plurality of live input streams and theplurality of pre-encoded media assets. For example, an operatorassociated with the VPC system 115 may view the preview of the pluralityof live input streams including listening to the alternative audio andmay update the schedule in real time based on the events in the preview.In accordance with an embodiment, the stream publishing engine may beconfigured to generate a preview stream of the live stream outputmanifest when the closed captions for the live event are requested. Thestream publishing engine may be configured to communicate the previewstream of the live stream output manifest to a machine and/or humancaptioning system. Consequently, the VPC system 115 may be configured togenerate the live captions stream. The segmented caption files in thelive captions stream may be published to the content delivery system160. The caption stream manifest may be delivered to the streampublishing engine to be published along with the other video and audiostreams. The stream publishing engine may be configured to generate thedisparate live media output stream manifest based on manipulation ofmanifests of a plurality of live input streams and plurality ofpre-encoded media assets in accordance with updated schedule.

The VPC system 115 may virtualize various production control functions,thereby eliminating the need to aggregate and decode the live mediasources at a central location, as the operator is provided with a viewof the available live media sources slightly ahead of the end consumerdevice. The operator may, in real-time, adjust the schedule to controlswitching between the various live input sources and pre-encoded mediaassets including ads, as well as insert ad and overlay indicators intothe disparate live media output stream manifest. The switches may beexecuted simply by manipulating the text-based disparate live mediaoutput stream manifest based on instructions from the operator.

In accordance with another embodiment, the Live to On-Demand toolkitsystem 117 may be configured to capture a live input stream manifest fora defined scheduled time or between program start and end indictors toarchive live programs for a delayed playback, an event replay, orOn-Demand viewing. The Live to On-Demand toolkit system 117 maycommunicate with a content delivery system to move the media segmentslisted in the asset from the network edge to a more permanent storagelocation. The Live to On-Demand toolkit system 117 may provide aninterface for an operator to view the archived content and edit themanifest to add or move indicators, remove some media segments, and/orchange some of the referenced one or more media segments. In accordancewith an embodiment, the Live to On-Demand toolkit system 117 may beconfigured to select, extract, and decrypt the defined range of the oneor more media segments for additional one or more edits through theinterface. The manifest of the modified pre-encoded media asset for alive event as the new pre-encoded media asset may be indexed, and madeavailable for a delayed playback, or a re-play of the live event in thedisparate live media output stream.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram that illustrates an exemplary stream playoutand distribution system for publishing a disparate live media outputstream that complies with distribution format regulations, in accordancewith an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. Referring to FIG. 1B,the stream playout and distribution system 112 may further comprise aschedule 111, a content processing system 121 including a media contentmetadata storage system 122, a media content master storage system 124,an ad/promo content master storage system 126, and a contentencoder/packager 128. The stream playout and distribution system 112 mayfurther include a broadcast network scheduler 132, a traffic system 134,and a schedule planning database 136. The schedule planning database 136may further include content rights storage 138, historical performancestorage 140, competitive analysis storage 142, and channel preferencestorage 144. The stream playout and distribution system 112 may furtherinclude an indexing and storage system 148, a stream publishing engine150, and a Live to On-Demand toolkit system 117. There is further showna live stream backhaul system 154, a central ingest encode/packagesystem 156, a content delivery system 160, a media storage 162, and aproxy server 164. There is further shown the consumer device 110 a andthe Ad decisioning server 106 a, as described in FIG. 1A.

In some embodiments of the disclosure, the content processing system121, the broadcast network scheduler 132, the traffic system 134, theschedule planning database 136, the indexing and storage system 148, thestream publishing engine 150, and the Live to On-Demand toolkit system117 may be integrated to form an integrated system. In some embodimentsof the disclosure, the content processing system 121, the broadcastnetwork scheduler 132, the traffic system 134, the schedule planningdatabase 136, the indexing and storage system 148, the stream publishingengine 150, and the Live to On-Demand toolkit system 117 may bedistinct. Other separation and/or combination of the various entities ofthe exemplary stream playout and distribution system 112 illustrated inFIG. 1B may be done without departing from the spirit and scope of thevarious embodiments of the disclosure.

The schedule 111 may be a schedule that may correspond to a data set forplayout of an existing first disparate live media output stream for alive channel. The schedule 111 may inform the stream publishing engine150 about pre-encoded media assets and/or live input streams as well aswhen and how to switch between the various pre-encoded media assets andlive input streams. The schedule 111 may also support defining timingfor network logos, insertion of promotional graphics break durations formid roll ads, break locations, and durations in the pre-encoded mediaasset and live input stream switches. The schedule 111 may furtherinclude specific ads to be played during each break or may simply markthe ad break and include filler content if an Ad decisioning server,such as the Ad decisioning server 106 a, will be used to better targetthe ads to individual consumer devices, such as the consumer device 110a.

The content processing system 121 may comprise suitable logic,circuitry, and interfaces that may be configured to store, encode andpackage media assets to generate pre-encoded media assets andcorresponding manifests. The content processing system 121 may comprisemaster versions of media content, corresponding metadata, and masterversions of non-programming content, such as ads and promotionalcontent. Various media container formats of the pre-encoded media assetsmay include, but are not limited to, TS, fMP4, CMAF, and the like.Various formats of the plurality of pre-encoded media asset manifests orplaylists, may include, but are not limited to DASH and HLS.

The media content metadata storage system 122 may comprise suitablelogic, circuitry, and interfaces that may be configured to store mediacontent metadata. The media content metadata may include metadataassociated with broadcast content segments stored in the media contentmaster storage system 124. Examples of the media content metadata mayinclude a media content identifier, a title of the media content, typeof the media content (such as movie series (season episode number)),genre, plot summary, duration, advertisement break locations, creditlocations, scene descriptions, a short summary of the broadcast contentsegments, a short summary of ideal advertisement placements within thebroadcast content segments, a file format, digital right management(DRM), encryption information, length of the media content, a dateand/or time the media content was added to the catalog of media contentmaster storage system 124, a new item indicator for the media content(e.g., a new media asset that became available within the last 24 hours,last few days, last week, and/or the like), and a media content class,for example, a television show, a cartoon program, a movie, a newsmedia, an episode, a game, a clip, a recorded sports event, interactivemedia, and/or the like. In general, the clip may be curated oreditorially selected excerpts from existing full episodes, TV shows, ormovies. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the media contentmetadata storage system 122 may also store program-specific information(PSI) data as defined by ISO/IEC 13818-1 (MPEG-2), closed captioningdata, and subtitles associated with the broadcast content segmentsstored in the media content master storage system 124. Other forms ofmetadata may be utilized without departing from the spirit and scope ofthe various embodiments of the disclosure.

The media content master storage system 124 may comprise suitable logic,circuitry, and interfaces that may be configured to store masterversions of the media content. The master versions may be used as thesource for creating the on-demand or pre-encoded media assets forconsumer devices 110 a, . . . , 110 n in required formats. In anembodiment, various media container formats of the media content mayinclude, but are not limited, TS, fMP4, CMAF, and the like.

The ad/promo content master storage system 126 may comprise suitablelogic, circuitry, and interfaces that may be configured to store masterversions of non-programming content, such as ads and promotionalcontent. The master versions of non-programming content may be used as asource for creating on-demand or pre-encoded media assets for consumerdevices 110 a, . . . , 110 n in the required formats.

The content encoder/packager 128 may comprise suitable logic, circuitry,and interfaces that may be configured to execute code to generate apackage that includes media content and associated metadata. The contentencoder/packager 128 may receive media content from the media contentmaster storage system 124, corresponding metadata from the media contentmetadata storage system 122 and the non-programming content from thead/promo content master storage system 126 to generate the package.Thus, the content encoder/packager 128 encodes and packages the mediacontent into the required on-demand formats for delivery to the consumerdevice 110 a. The broadcast content may correspond to one or more of theplurality of broadcast content segments transcoded to different types ofstreams for different types of devices, such as a TV or a mobile device,and marked with Nielson markers. Based on such a package, the streamplayout and distribution system 112 may dynamically generate one or moreencoded media assets for playout to one or more media playerscommunicatively coupled through the content delivery system 160. Inaccordance with an embodiment, the content encoder/packager 128 may bedirectly coupled to the indexing and storage system 148. In accordancewith an embodiment, the content encoder/packager 128 may be directlycoupled to the content delivery system 160.

The content encoder/packager 128 may be configured to publish the one ormore encoded media assets in real-time or near real-time fordistribution, such as web distribution. The content encoder/packager 128may be operable to create “C3” content assets and clips that may be madeavailable before media content rolls out of the stream playout anddistribution system 112. The content encoder/packager 128 may also beconfigured to provide near-real-time redundancy. The resulting convertedoutput, such as one or more encoded media assets, that are generated bythe content encoder/packager 128 may be communicated to the indexing andstorage system 148 which may be communicatively coupled with theconsumer devices 110 a, . . . , 110 n. The content encoder/packager 128may also support a robust interface (e.g. application data interface(ADI)) that defines the on-demand duration of the individual broadcastcontent segments as well as encryption requirements and a service typeto link for ad insertion.

For encoding and the packaging, the content encoder/packager 128 may beconfigured to mark locations of the one or more non-programming contentbreaks and condition the media content such that the locations of theone or more non-programming content breaks are adjacent to boundaries ofthe plurality of broadcast content segments. Based on the media contentmetadata, in case the one or more indicators are not included in thepre-encoded media asset at packaging time, the content encoder/packager128 may be configured to insert the one or more indicators to mark thecredits and overlay graphics locations in the media content.

Once the content encoder/packager 128 has encoded and packaged the mediacontent based on the associated metadata corresponding to the mediacontent assets for media distribution, the content encoder/packager 128may be further configured to generate corresponding media contentmanifests. The media content manifests may correspond to data sets, suchas text-based instruction sets, that may be utilized by the consumerdevice 110 a to determine which broadcast content segments to play andstorage locations of such broadcast content segments. In accordance withan embodiment, the content encoder/packager 128 may be furtherconfigured to add in-band indicators in the media content assets. Thein-band indicators may indicate markers corresponding to location of theone or more non-programming content breaks, credits, and overlay graphiclocations for one or more protocols that may be utilized to determinenext media content asset to be downloaded.

The broadcast network scheduler 132 may comprise suitable logic,circuitry, and interfaces that may be configured to execute code togenerate a broadcast content schedule which indicates programmingcontent, such as pre-encoded media assets and/or live input streams, andwhen such programming content may be broadcasted to be played out. Thebroadcast network scheduler 132 may be configured to generate thebroadcast content schedule based on inputs received from the mediacontent metadata storage system 122 and the schedule planning database136. The broadcast network scheduler 132 may be configured to schedulethe programming content based on, for example, desired channel theme,content metadata, content rights, and competitive analysis of whatcompeting programming content is available on other channels.

The traffic system 134 may comprise suitable logic, circuitry, andinterfaces that may be configured to execute code to receive a list ofprogramming content, such as the broadcast content schedule, to beplayed along with the program indicators, such as program start, fromthe broadcast network scheduler 132. The traffic system 134 may furtherdetermine break durations and locations based on media contentconditioning and an amount of time to be filled to hit the start time ofthe next program in the list of programming content. The traffic system134 may further determine what non-programming content, such as ads, toplace based on data, such as historical performance and competitiveanalysis, received from the schedule planning database 136. The trafficsystem 134 may further insert network rules for schedules, such asoverlay graphic schedules, and the like.

In accordance with an embodiment, the traffic system 134 may check fromthe media content metadata storage system 122 about media contentduration and break schedule. Subsequently, the traffic system 134 may beconfigured to determine the duration for each ad break to have theprogram end at the correct scheduled time and have the new program startat the correct schedule time.

In accordance with an embodiment, the traffic system 134 may becommunicatively coupled with the ad/promo campaign manager 114 todetermine what ads and promos are available to be scheduled. The trafficsystem 134 may be configured to schedule all the advertisements toprovide the highest yield based on historical performance. The trafficsystem 134 may further mark the entire ad break for downstreamreplacement on the consumer device 110 a that is capable of individualad targeting. The traffic system 134 may mark individual ads fordownstream replacement if the ads are targeted to specific audiencedemographics or segments, or specific geo locations.

The schedule planning database 136 may comprise suitable logic,circuitry, and interfaces that may be configured to execute code tostore information that may be used by the broadcast network scheduler132 to generate the broadcast content schedule on a channel. Suchbroadcast content schedule results in maximized size and value ofaudience to advertisers. Such information may also be used to schedulenon-programming content that may provide the highest revenue for thechannel. In accordance with an embodiment, the information may definechannel preferences including when and where to display logos and othergraphics.

The content rights storage 138 may store a set of rules governing whenand how media content may be used. For example, when the media contentmay be made available on-demand, if the media content may be madeavailable over the Internet, whether the media content may be used in adisparate live media output stream and the timeframe, or is the userallowed to restart the media content when live streamed. The historicalperformance storage 140 may store a set of rules governing historicalperformance of users on the media content. The competitive analysisstorage 142 may store a set of rules governing competitive analysis ofvarious providers. For example, direct-broadcast satellite (DBS)providers, cable television (CATV) systems, and other wireline videoproviders and competitive local exchange carriers (CLECs) using IPTV.The channel preferences storage 144 may store previous media contentselections by users for both live input streams and pre-encoded mediaassets that may be used to personalize and organize the channelpreferences in future.

The indexing and storage system 148 may comprise suitable logic,circuitry, and interfaces that may be configured to execute code toreceive the encoded media assets manifests from the contentencoder/packager 128 and live input streams manifests from the livestream encoder/packager 116. Accordingly, the indexing and storagesystem 148 may perform indexing on the received encoded media assetsmanifests and/or live input streams manifests. For indexing, theindexing and storage system 148 may ingest the manifests associated withthe encoded media assets and/or continuously ingest the manifestsassociated with live input streams, store data log of a plurality ofindicators indicating non-programming content breaks, program start,program end, and graphic overlays included in the media assets, andvalidating completion of the indexing of the encoded media assets and/orlive input streams. The indexing and storage system 148 may furtherindex tags indicators, such as tag marking, program indicators, such asprogram boundaries, and non-program indicators, such as ad breaklocations, graphical treatment (such as overlay) opportunities credits,and DRM supported systems.

The stream publishing engine 150 may comprise suitable logic, circuitry,and interfaces that may be configured to execute code to insertinformation related to the plurality of broadcast content segments andone or more events from the pre-encoded media asset manifests and/orlive input stream manifests into a disparate live media output streammanifest at defined intervals. The defined intervals may be intervals atwhich the insertion of the information related to the plurality ofbroadcast content segments and the one or more events from thepre-encoded media asset manifests and/or live input stream manifestsinto the disparate live media output stream manifest is performed, isnot greater than duration of a previous media content segment. Thedisparate live media output stream manifest may correspond to a data setthat includes playlists of a plurality of pre-encoded media assetsand/or live input streams, information about the plurality ofpre-encoded media assets and/or live input streams, one or more overlayopportunities, and duration of a set of non-programming content breakswithin one on-demand media asset and/or live input streams or between atleast two of the plurality of pre-encoded media assets and/or live inputstreams.

In accordance with an embodiment, before the stream publishing engine150 publishes the next segment, for example of 2 seconds, 1 second orhalf-a-second, the stream publishing engine 150 may refer back to theschedule 111 if the schedule 111 is updated (by the VPC system 115).Thus, the stream publishing engine 150 may know when to switch from afirst live stream source to a second live stream source when theschedule 111 is updated by the VPC system 115 in near-real time.

The stream publishing engine 150 may be further configured to publishthe disparate live media output stream manifest, leveraging indexes ofthe pre-encoded media assets and/or live input streams received from theindexing and storage system 148, based on the schedule 111. Inaccordance with an embodiment, the stream publishing engine 150 may beconfigured to insert one or more overlay indicators, which areindependent of, for example, a pre-encoded media asset, at defined timestamps in the generated disparate live media output stream. The streampublishing engine 150 may be further configured to support a pluralityof digital rights management indicators in the disparate live mediaoutput stream manifest, and may include one or more of a program start,a program end, content or context change indicator, a break indicator,an overlay indicator in the generated disparate live media output streammanifest based on one or more events in the manifest or metadataassociated with, for example, the pre-encoded media asset.

The Live to On-Demand toolkit system 117 may comprise suitable logic,circuitry, and interfaces that may be configured to execute code tomanage the capture of media content from a live input stream to create apre-encoded media asset, such as On-Demand asset. The Live to On-Demandtoolkit system 117 may include a plurality of tools to support simpleediting of the live input stream prior to publishing correspondingdisparate live media output stream to the content delivery system 160.In accordance with an embodiment, the Live to On-Demand toolkit system117 may encode the edited one or more media segments and package tomatch specifications of the live input stream. Accordingly, the Live toOn-Demand toolkit system 117 may be configured to publish the encodedand packaged one or more media segments to the media storage 162 on thecontent delivery system 160.

The live stream backhaul system 154 may comprise suitable logic,circuitry, and interfaces that may be configured to execute code togenerate an encoded feed from a live event location that is notprocessed for distribution, for example web distribution. The livestream backhaul system 154 may be used when the live event location doesnot support the bandwidth or have the technical infrastructure tosupport encoding, packaging, and publishing of a feed for final webdistribution through the content delivery system 160.

The central ingest encode/package system 156 may comprise suitablelogic, circuitry, and interfaces that may be configured to execute codeto receive, encode, and package feeds from the live stream backhaulsystem 154 to prepare the live input streams for web distribution andpublish the live input streams to the content delivery system 160.

The content delivery system 160 may correspond to the network 108,described in FIG. 1A. The content delivery system 160 may comprisenetworks configured for distributing media content to the consumerdevices 110 a, . . . , 110 n. Generally, the term “content,” “metadata,”“media,” and similar words are used interchangeably to refer to any typeof media—audio, videos, datacasts, music, text, images, graphics,articles, still photos, animated photos, moving photos, photo galleries,video galleries, infographics, maps, polls, guest biographies, tweets orother social media, blog posts, and/or the like. The content deliverysystem 160 may be configured to provide a plurality of disparate livemedia output streams to the consumer devices 110 a, . . . , 110 n, via atransport stream, segmented streaming, progressive download, or anyother modes of distributing a multimedia presentation, such as via anover-the-air content delivery/distribution network, a linear contentdelivery/distribution network, a cable content delivery/distributionnetwork, a satellite content delivery/distribution network, an InternetProtocol (IP) based content delivery/distribution network, and/or thelike.

The media storage 162 may be configured to store encoded and packagedmedia assets, pre-encoded media asset manifests, live input streams, andlive input stream manifests for distribution.

The proxy server 164 may comprise suitable logic, circuitry, andinterfaces that may be configured to execute code to communicate withthe consumer devices 110 a, . . . , 110 n. In accordance with anembodiment, the proxy server 164 may receive requests from the consumerdevices 110 a, . . . , 110 n when the consumer devices 110 a, . . . ,110 n generate requests for the Ad decisioning server 106a uponencountering, for example, an advertisement break tag or an overlay tagin the updated disparate live media output stream. In other words, theconsumer devices 110 a, . . . , 110 n may call the proxy server 164 toinitiate the media stream. At stream set-up, any ad ID and informationfrom the consumer devices 110 a, . . . , 110 n is passed to the proxyserver 164. The proxy server 164 or the media player receives themanifest from the content delivery system 160 and decodes (or detects)the indicators, for example break indicators, for non-programingcontent, such as ads. The proxy server 164 then calls the Ad decisioningserver 106a and replaces the non-programing content media segments orthe filler media segments in the manifest and then delivers the manifestto the consumer devices 110 a, . . . , 110 n along with any data aboutthe ads. In an embodiment, the proxy server 164 may be used for one ormore consumer devices of the consumer devices 110 a, . . . , 110 n wherethe media player is fully controlled by a third party and does notsupport ad insertion. In such embodiment, ad blocking may be reducedwhich usually targets communication between the consumer devices 110 a,. . . , 110 n and the Ad decisioning server 106 a. Further, the proxyserver 164 may replace the pre-encoded placeholder content segments,such as slate content segments, with the advertisement content segmentsreceived from the Ad decisioning server 106 a.

In operation, the broadcast network scheduler 132 may be configured toschedule programming content as a broadcast content schedule, based onvarious broadcast content parameters, such as, but not limited to,desired channel theme, content metadata, content rights, and competitiveanalysis of what competing programming is available on other channels.In accordance with an embodiment, the broadcast content schedule maycorrespond to one or more pre-encoded media assets and/or live inputstreams. The broadcast content schedule may correspond to live inputstreams in case a live event is included in the scheduled programmingcontent. For the live content, the broadcast network scheduler 132 maybe configured to access the content rights storage 138 to determine ifthe live input stream has any geo restrictions. Additionally oralternatively, the broadcast network scheduler 132 may be furtherconfigured to determine if the live input stream should be archived forre-play or made available On-Demand or as pre-encoded media asset. Thebroadcast network scheduler 132 may finalize the broadcast contentschedule of the programming content and transmit the broadcast contentschedule to the content processing system 121 and the traffic system134.

The content processing system 121 may determine whether the scheduledprogramming content, such as a pre-encoded media asset, is available andhas been processed to a correct format for distribution. In accordancewith an embodiment, when the programming content is not available, thecontent processing system 121 may order the programming content.Accordingly, the content processing system 121 receives the programmingcontent, assures the quality, and processes the programming content to aspecific standard. The content processing system 121 may further storethe processed programming content as media content asset in the mediacontent master storage system 124. The content processing system 121 mayfurther store the associated metadata in the media content metadatastorage system 122.

In accordance with an embodiment, when the content processing system 121determines that the scheduled programming content, such as a mediacontent asset, is available in the media content master storage system124, the master media content asset is retrieved from the media contentmaster storage system 124. Further, metadata, such as media contentasset duration and the location of non-programming content, such as adbreaks, credits, overlay opportunities, may be determined. Accordingly,the content encoder/packager 128 may be configured to encode the mediacontent asset and packaged for web distribution. During encoding andpackaging, the content encoder/packager 128 may mark the precise adbreak locations and condition the media asset, such that the ad breaklocations fall on boundaries of media segments of the media contentasset.

Further, the content encoder/packager 128 may insert tags to mark thecredits and the potential overlay graphics locations in the mediacontent asset. Additionally, the content encoder/packager 128 may encodeand package one or more high quality profiles to support variousbroadcast use cases. Thus, the content encoder/packager 128 may encodeand package the media content asset for web distribution. The mediacontent asset is thus prepared for the web distribution and hereinafterreferred to as pre-encoded media asset. The pre-encoded media asset andthe corresponding manifest may be stored in the media storage 162 of thecontent delivery system 160.

The traffic system 134 may access the media content metadata storagesystem 122 to determine media content asset duration and break scheduleand generate a schedule 111. The traffic system 134 may furtherdetermine the duration for each ad break to have the program end atcorrect scheduled time and have the new program start at the correctschedule time. In accordance with an embodiment, for live programs, anassumed number of ad breaks with different durations may be programmedbut the exact time of the ad breaks or the duration may not be known.

In accordance with an embodiment, the ad sales team may provide sold adcampaigns and internal promotional campaigns information into thead/promo campaign manager 114. The ad sales team may further provide awindow for the campaigns along with desired audience demographics andsegments, and ad versions.

The traffic system 134 may further communicate with the ad/promocampaign manager 114 to determine what ads and promotional content areavailable to be scheduled. In accordance with another embodiment, thetraffic system 134 may schedule the ads to play to provide the highestyield based on historical performance. The traffic system 134 mayfurther mark an entire ad break for a downstream replacement on aconsumer device, for example the consumer device 110 a, that mayindividually target an ad.

Upon receiving information from the ad/promo campaign manager 114, thecontent processing system 121 may determine whether new non-programmingmedia content, such as the ads and promotional content are entered inthe system 100. The content processing system 121 may further determineif the non-programming media content are already available and has beenprocessed to a correct format. In accordance with an embodiment, whenthe non-programming content is not available, the content processingsystem 121 may order the non-programming content. Accordingly, thecontent processing system 121 receives the non-programming content,assures the quality, and processes the non-programming content to aspecific standard. The content processing system 121 may further storethe processed non-programming content in the ad/promo content masterstorage system 126.

In accordance with an embodiment, when the content processing system 121determines that the scheduled non-programming content, such as ads andpromotional content, is available in the ad/promo content master storagesystem 126, the non-programming content is retrieved from the ad/promocontent master storage system 126. Accordingly, the contentencoder/packager 128 may be configured to encode the non-programmingcontent and package for web distribution. In accordance with anembodiment, the content encoder/packager 128 may further insert in-bandtriggers to identify the ad or promotional content, and provide aspecial instruction for tracking when such on-programming content isviewed. In accordance with another embodiment, the contentencoder/packager 128 may include watermarks or in-band metadata tosupport program viewership measurements in broadcast use cases. Thenon-programming content prepared for web distribution, including themanifest, may be stored in the media storage 162 of the content deliverysystem 160.

For a pre-encoded media asset, the traffic system 134 may leveragechannel preferences to determine when and what network logo to display,when to signal for overlay promotions, and the like. The traffic system134 may generate the schedule 111 and provide schedule 111 to theindexing and storage system 148, the VPC system 115, the Live toOn-Demand toolkit system 117, and the stream publishing engine 150.

In accordance with an embodiment, a live feed may be encoded andpackaged according to defined system specifications and publisheddirectly into the content delivery system 160. Alternatively, for liveevents with limited bandwidth or technical capabilities, the live streambackhaul system 154 may encode a single live stream backhaul feed anddeliver to the central ingest encode/package system 156. At the centralingest encode/package system 156, the single live stream backhaul feedmay be processed and published for web distribution according to thedefined system specifications.

The schedule 111 thus generated may include manifests for live inputstreams and/or pre-encoded media assets, and ads and promotionalcontent, are ingested into the indexing and storage system 148. Inaccordance with an embodiment, a proprietary manifest format may bethere between the content encoder/packager 128 and the indexing andstorage system 148 when additional information carried in the publishedmanifest is required to be passed (not traditionally).

The indexing and storage system 148 may index broadcast content segmentsfrom each manifest corresponding to the live input streams and/orpre-encoded media assets. The indexing and storage system 148 may logindicators indicating ad breaks, program start, program end, graphicoverlays, and the like. The indexing and storage system 148 may furtherperform checks to validate that the live input streams and/orpre-encoded media assets are complete and ready for inclusion in thedisparate live media output stream.

At the schedule time, the stream publishing engine 150 may generate apreview of the live input streams by inserting a new segment from thescheduled live input stream manifest into the preview manifest of thelive input streams on an interval not greater than the previous contentsegment duration. The preview manifest that may address a Group ofPictures or Sub-Group of Pictures inside the media segments to allow astandard web player to operate closer to the live point of the disparatelive media output stream. Alternatively, a custom player may be createdthat may buffer fewer media segments to keep the playback closer to thelive point.

In accordance with an embodiment when all live feeds are backhauled toand encoded and packaged through central ingest encode/package system156, a low latency preview of live input streams may be publisheddirectly to the VPC system 115 from the central ingest encode/packagesystem 156. Such preview of live input streams may include an additionalaudio track, such as the assistant director which often includes acountdown to ad breaks and listing their duration for live events. Anoperator at the VPC system 115 may be configured to view the preview oflive input streams. The operator may further listen to the alternativeaudio and may update the schedule 111 in real-time based on the liveevents in the preview of live input streams.

In accordance with an embodiment, the VPC system 115 may be configuredto insert non-programming content, such as ads, previously defined bythe traffic system 134 as well as a non-programming indicator, such asad indicator, to mark the non-programming when the live event producercalls for an ad break. Further, the VPC system 115 may be configured toinsert the non-programming indicator, such as the ad indicator andfiller content, for the declared break duration. The filler content maybe replaced with targeted ads by the consumer device, for example, theconsumer device 110 a, when the live event producer called for an adbreak.

In accordance with an embodiment, the VPC system 115 may be configuredto switch to an alternate live feed as the scheduled live event endedearly or to get a different perspective of the live event. The VPCsystem 115 may be further configured to start the next pre-encoded mediaasset in the schedule 111 early as the live event ended early. The VPCsystem 115 may be further configured to insert filler program content asthe live event ended early and the next event should be played asoriginally scheduled. The VPC system 115 may be further configured todelay the switch to the next pre-encoded media asset in the schedule 111as the current event is running long or delay the switch to the nextevent in the schedule 111 as the current event is running long. The VPCsystem 115 may be further configured to insert graphical treatment, suchas overlay graphics indicators, and/or programming indicators to signalprogram start and program end for live events in the live input streammanifest.

Accordingly, the stream publishing engine 150 may be configured togenerate a preview of live input streams to the machine and/or humancaptioning system 119 if there is a live event requiring closedcaptions. In accordance with an embodiment, the VPC system 115 mayreceive the captioning data from the machine and/or human captioningsystem 119 and generate a live captions stream. The segmented captionfiles in the live captions stream may be published to the contentdelivery system 160. The caption stream manifest may be delivered to thestream publishing engine 150 to be published along with the other videoand audio streams.

In accordance with an embodiment when all live feeds are backhauled toand encoded and packaged through the central ingest encode/packagesystem 156, a low latency preview of live input streams may be publisheddirectly to the machine and/or human captioning system 119. The captionsdata may be returned and inserted during the web encode.

In accordance with an embodiment, the stream publishing engine 150always checks the schedule 111 before determining the next media segmentto publish. The stream publishing engine 150 may be configured to be oneor more media segments behind any preview of live input streams. Thus,operator at the VPC system 115 is enabled to view the media contentahead of time, decide what should happen next, and update the schedule111 accordingly. Further, time is provided for the captions to be moreclosely synchronized with the audio during live productions.

In accordance with an embodiment, the stream publishing engine 150 maybe configured to generate a disparate live media output stream byinserting a new segment from the scheduled pre-encoded media assetmanifest or the defined live input stream manifest (including theconfigured delay) into the disparate live media output stream manifestoutput on an interval not greater than the previous content segmentduration. When the stream publishing engine 150 encounters indicatorsmarking an ad break within the pre-encoded media asset manifest, in thelive input stream manifest, in the original schedule 111, or added tothe schedule 111 by the VPC system 115, the stream publishing engine 150may insert ad indicators in the disparate live media output streammanifest and stitch in non-programming content, such as ads, promos orfiller content, included in the schedule 111. In accordance with anotherembodiment, when the stream publishing engine 150 encounters indicatorsmarking overlays within the pre-encoded media asset manifest, in thelive input stream manifest, in the original schedule 111 or added to theschedule 111 by the VPC system 115, the stream publishing engine 150 mayinsert indicators in the disparate live media output stream manifestaccording to the schedule 111.

In accordance with an aspect of the disclosure, in case the schedule 111indicates that a live event is to be captured for re-play or to create apre-encoded media asset, the Live to On-Demand toolkit system 117 may beconfigured to capture the live input stream manifest for the definedscheduled time or between the program start and end indictors. The Liveto On-Demand toolkit system 117 may be configured to communicate withthe content delivery system 160 to move the media segments listed in theasset from the network edge. The media segments may be eventually bepurged from the content delivery system 160 and moved to the morepermanent media storage 162 inside the content delivery system 160.

As defined by the schedule 111, the Live to On-Demand toolkit system 117may maintain the ad indicators marking the break locations but removingthe originally scheduled ads or filler content from the archivedpre-encoded media asset manifest. The ad breaks may be deleted, reducedin duration, or extended in duration during playback of the pre-encodedmedia asset or during a scheduled re-play of the live event in thedisparate live media output stream manifest. The Live to On-Demandtoolkit system 117 may be further configured to provide an interface forthe operator to view the archived content and edit the manifest to addor move indicators, remove some media segments, and/or change some ofthe media segments referenced. The interface may be provided in case anad break signal was missed or triggered at the wrong time, the programstart and end is trimmed if the capture was based on time or a start orend trigger was missed, content is required to be removed for somereason and not to be included in the pre-encoded media asset or during areplay of the event, alternative audio segments are referenced withmuted audio in case something was said in the live event that needs tobe removed from the pre-encoded media asset or replay of the event,indictors for the credit start and end to be inserted if not included inthe original event airing, overlay indicators to be inserted or removedif not included or improperly included in the original event airing.

In accordance with an embodiment, the Live to On-Demand toolkit system117 may provide the interface for the operator to, extract, decrypt ifnecessary, and combine into a single file the highest quality profilefor a defined range of media segments that need to be professionallyedited. Accordingly, an operator may then download the combined file oredit the file remotely. The edited file may be submitted through thecontent processing system 121 and moved to the content delivery system160. The edited and processed media segments may be referenced in placeof the original media segments in the pre-encoded media asset for thearchived live content. The final manifest for the archived live inputstream may be ingested into the indexing and storage system 148 if thelive input stream is scheduled for replay.

FIG. 2A illustrates segmentation of live input streams and pre-encodedmedia assets for the schedule 111 for publishing a disparate live mediaoutput stream that complies with distribution format regulations, inaccordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. Referring tothe exemplary arrangement of FIG. 2A, there is shown a first live inputstream 202, a first pre-encoded media asset 204, and a second live inputstream 206. There is also shown a targeted first interstitial content208 scheduled after the first live input stream 202, and a secondinterstitial content 210 scheduled after the first pre-encoded mediaasset 204. The first live input stream 202 may be segmented into a firstset of video segments 202 a, 202 b, 202 c, . . . , 202 n. Similarly, thefirst pre-encoded media asset 204 and the second live input stream 206may also be segmented into second set of video segments 204 a, 204 b,204 c, . . . , 204 n, and third set of video segments 206 a, 206 b, 206c, . . . ,206 n respectively. By way of example, the segmentation may beexecuted by a segmenting system (not shown) during a preparation stageof the media assets. In accordance with an embodiment, the segments ofthe first set of video segments 202 a, 202 b, 202 c, . . . , 202 n, thesecond set of video segments 204 a, 204 b, 204 c, . . . , 204 n, andthird set of video segments 206 a, 206 b, 206 c, . . . , 206 n, may besegmented into consistent length, for example, 10 seconds segments. Itmay be advantageous to have a consistent and smaller file size ofsegments to be able to quickly push to the content delivery system 160,and also for quick downloading by a media player at the end-user side,such as on the consumer device 110 a.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changesmay be made and segments of different file sizes (or length) may be usedwithout departure from the scope of the present disclosure. Further,other streaming protocols may require a different processing of mediacontent. Thus, the scope of the disclosure should not be limited to theprocessing or preparation of media content to allow delivery usingdifferent delivery methods, streaming protocols, or distribution system,known in the art. Further, instead of the live input streams andpre-encoded media asset arranged, as shown, different arrangements perthe schedule 111 may be possible with respect to interstitial contentitems, such as the first interstitial content 208 and the secondinterstitial content 210. In accordance with an embodiment, the firstinterstitial content 208 and the second interstitial content 210 maycorrespond to non-programming content, such as ads or promotionalcontent targeted for the consumer device 110 a.

The insertion of the live input stream manifests, pre-encoded mediaasset manifests, the interstitial content items may be done on-the-flybased on dynamic scheduling resulting in the schedule 111. The insertionmay be driven by real-time or near-real-time content context analysis,user-selection on the consumer device 110 a, or driven by external datareceived from the external data source 120. The stream publishing engine150 may be configured to insert live input streams (such as the firstlive input stream 202 and the second live input stream 206), pre-storedmedia assets (such as the first pre-encoded media asset 204), andinterstitial content items (such as the first interstitial content 208and the second interstitial content 210), in the disparate live mediaoutput stream based on manipulation of the disparate live media outputstream manifest for corresponding live channel.

In accordance with an embodiment, each segment of the first set of videosegments 202 a, 202 b, 202 c, . . . , 202 n, the second set of videosegments 204 a, 204 b, 204 c, . . . , 204 n, and third set of videosegments 206 a, 206 b, 206 c, . . . , 206 n, may be further processed tobe stored at various quality levels, and content encryption modes forthe purposes of adaptive bitrate streaming and digital rightsmanagement, for example, the video segment 202 a may be stored in aplurality of quality levels or profiles, for example, high definition(HD), high dynamic range (HDR) video, or different quality levels inaccordance with specified pixel resolutions, bitrates, frame rates,and/or sample frequencies. Each of the media content, such as 202 to206, are encoded, segmented, and stored with the plurality of qualitylevels in the media content master storage system 124. The media contentmay be re-used to create new variant channels, such as a new variant ofthe disparate live media output stream, without having to re-encode aselected live input stream or a pre-encoded media asset when the newvariant of the disparate live media output stream is created by thestream publishing engine 150.

For the sake of brevity, and with reference to FIG. 2A, there is shownan example of publishing the disparate live media output stream based ondynamic insertion of interstitial content items by the stream playoutand distribution system 112 of FIG. 1B. It is to be understood thatmedia packaging for different delivery methods (such as analogterrestrial broadcast, digital terrestrial broadcast, direct-to-homesatellite broadcast, cable, other Internet Protocol (IP)-based deliverymethods, over-the-top television (OTT)), different streaming protocols,or distribution system, may be different. The media content may beprepared to be viewed one or more of the consumer devices 110 a, . . . ,110 n, based on at least the desired delivery method, deliveryconditions, content protection requirements, to satisfy operational andtechnical requirements, as needed. The operational and technicalrequirements may include, but are not limited to, media encoding, mediasegmentation, schedule 111 (or manifest) creation or manipulationrequirements, desired media encryption, and/or metadata signalingrequirements. For example, in certain scenarios and for certain mediacontent delivery methods, network bandwidth, network conditions, ordevice-type where media content is to be consumed may not be variable orknown in advance. In such a case, creating different quality levels forsame media content may not be required. In other cases, for example, thestream publishing engine 150 may exclude the one or more high qualityprofiles provided to support broadcast use cases, or exclude one or moreprofiles created for consumer distribution. In some other cases, thecontent encoder/packager 128 may encode and package one or more highquality profiles to support broadcast use cases or include one or morehigh quality profiles of interstitial content items for the encoded andpackaged pre-encoded media asset to support broadcast use cases.Further, based on different operational and technical requirements,publishing of the disparate live media output stream may be different.As descried above, the media content that is prepared and distributedmay include both the programming content, such as long-formpresentations, short-form presentations, news or sporting events; andnon-programming content, such as paid advertisements, public serviceadvertisements, or promotional material.

FIG. 2B illustrates various exemplary scenarios to virtualize productioncontrol functions, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of thedisclosure. In order to enable the VPC system 115 to be virtualized bynot being located at the same location, such as a studio, the VPC systemmay be required to receive the live input streams ahead of time. Inaccordance with an embodiment, it may be done through pure manifestmanipulation. In accordance with an embodiment, based on the web ormedia players, the media segments may be of a fixed duration, forexample 10 seconds or 2 seconds long in case of modern web streamingprotocols. A client, for example the first consumer device 110 a, maywant to buffer three media segments before playback is started. Thus,three media segments may be required to be downloaded to be three mediasegments ahead or playback three media segments behind the live point.

In accordance with an embodiment, as described in FIG. 2A andillustrated in block B1 of FIG. 2B, the un-manipulated first live inputstream 202 may be segmented by a first live stream encoder/packager 116ainto a first set of video segments 202 a, 202 b, 202 c, 202 d, and 202e. Further, the second live input stream 206 may be segmented by asecond live stream encoder/packager 116 n into a third set of videosegments 206 a, 206 b, 206 c, 206 d, and 206 e. In accordance with theexemplary scenario, a live point may be located after five mediasegments from each of the first and second sets of video segments thatare provided by the content delivery system 160.

Block B2 illustrates manipulated version of the live input streamsgenerated by the stream publishing engine for virtual master previewthat is close to the live point L. Segment set S1 corresponds tostandard player with optimized manifest for delivery of fragmentedmedia, such as byte range references to individual segments. Segment setS2 corresponds to a custom player with a single segment buffer. This maygive a player position (P) one segment behind the live point (L).

Block B3 illustrates manipulated manifests published by the streampublishing engine for consumer delay. Segment set S3 corresponds to ahigher latency mode were the operator previews the segment beforedetermining whether switch should occur or not. Segment set S4corresponds to a lower latency mode where switch occurs based on whatthe operator anticipated in the next segment. ‘Segment 4’ in segment setS3 and ‘Segment 5’ in segment set S4, respectively, are not publishedyet that may correspond to a decision point to perform one of: continuelive input stream, insert ad, insert pre-encoded media asset, or switchto an alternate stream. In case of higher latency mode, player position(P1) is behind ‘Segment 1’ and is three segments behind the live point(L1). Further, in case of lower latency mode, player position (P2) isbehind ‘Segment 2’ and is again three segments behind the live point(L2).

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary scenario associated with a disparatelive media output stream that complies with distribution formatregulations by the VPC system 115, in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment of the disclosure. Referring to the exemplary scenario inFIG. 3 , there are shown a schedule of live input streams andpre-encoded media assets corresponding to defined timestamps generatedby the broadcast network scheduler 132. In accordance with the exemplaryscenario, the Adult Swim live show from Atlanta (Atl) studio may bescheduled from 9:00 am to 10:00 am, live show from Burbank (Brbnk)studio may be scheduled from 10:00 am to 11:00 am, and a pre-recordedmarathon of a show may be scheduled from 11:00 am to 1:00 pm. From 1:00pm-2:00 pm, a replay of the 9:00 am Adult Swim live show from Atlantastudio may be scheduled.

The On-Demand content, for example the pre-recorded marathon of theshow, if not already created, is transmitted to the content processingsystem 121 to get encoded and packaged and delivered to the contentdelivery system 160 before being published. The traffic system 134 maybe configured to determine various duration of ad breaks based onavailable time and preferences. For example, for each hour of thepre-recorded marathon of the show of two episodes (which without ads maytotal upto 42 minutes), the traffic system 134 may determine a durationof 18 minutes of ads and promos to fill up the available time durationof 18 minutes. Thus, the traffic system 134 may be generated theschedule 111 comprising programming content (such as the live inputstreams and pre-encoded media assets) and non-programming content (suchas ads, promos, or filler content) and allow the customer devices insertthe ads through the proxy server 164.

In accordance with an embodiment, as described in FIG. 1B, the scheduledlive events in the live input streams that are fed to the live streamencoder/packager 116, a backhaul version may be added. For example, ifbandwidth is available, live stream encoding and packaging of the liveinput streams from the Atlanta studio and the Burbank studio may be doneat the respective locations to create for example, 9 profiles. However,in live sporting events, in case of insufficient bandwidth, the highestquality feed may be provided to an encoding and packaging location assingle profile, which is the live stream backhaul system 154. Theencoded and packaged single backhaul stream may be ingested to thecentral ingest encode/package system 156, which may be onsite orcorrespond to Amazon®. The central ingest encode/package system 156 mayperform encoding and packaging to required bit rates and specificationsthat are required for the content delivery system 160, which is furthertransmitted to the indexing and storage system 148. The indexing andstorage system 148 may index each segment of the live input streams andpre-encoded media assets. Then the stream publishing engine 150 mayswitch between sources that have segment duration of, for example 2seconds, based on the schedule 111, and accordingly publishes variouslive input streams and pre-encoded media assets as a disparate livemedia output stream “Program out manifest” scheduled per the schedule111. In accordance with an embodiment, the VPC system 115 may update theschedule 111 to insert an ad break for, for example 120 seconds, whichis continuously referred to by the stream publishing engine 150. Forexample, the production director associated with the VPC system 115 maysignal for an ad break of 2 minutes. After 10 minutes, the productiondirector may signal for another ad break.

In accordance with an embodiment, the Atlanta Live show may end at 9:54am instead of 10:00 am. The production director may signal that theAtlanta Live show has ended and the program may be switched for 6minutes to an alternate live feed, for example a camera set upcorresponding to a clock feed. At 10:00 am, program may be switched tothe Burbank Live show. In case not available, filler content may beplayed out. Thus, the VPC 115 has an access to all the programming andnon-programming content and in near-real time may update the schedule111 to switch between different programming and non-programming content.

FIGS. 4A and 4B collectively depict a flowchart illustrating exemplaryoperations for publishing a disparate live media output stream thatcomplies with distribution format regulations by the media packaging anddistribution system 102 of FIG. 1B, in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment of the disclosure.

At 402, a broadcast content schedule may be generated based on aplurality of broadcast content parameters associated with theprogramming content scheduled for a broadcast channel. In accordancewith an embodiment, the broadcast network scheduler 132 may beconfigured to a generate the broadcast content schedule for schedulingthe programming content based on the plurality of broadcast contentparameters, such as, but not limited to, desired channel theme, contentmetadata, content rights, and competitive analysis of what competingprogramming is available on other channels. The broadcast networkscheduler 132 may receive the plurality of broadcast content parametersfrom the content rights storage 138, the historical performance storage140, the competitive analysis storage 142, and the channel preferencestorage 144 in the schedule planning database 136.

The broadcast content schedule may correspond to live input streams incase a live event is included in the scheduled programming content. Forthe live content, the broadcast network scheduler 132 may be configuredto access the content rights storage 138 to determine if the live inputstream has any geo restrictions. Additionally or alternatively, thebroadcast network scheduler 132 may be further configured to determineif the live input stream should be archived for re-play or madeavailable On-Demand or as pre-encoded media asset. The broadcast networkscheduler 132 may finalize the broadcast content schedule of theprogramming content and transmit the broadcast content schedule to thecontent processing system 121 and the traffic system 134.

At 404, broadcast content, in accordance with one or more streamingprotocols to generate a plurality of encoded broadcast content segments,which may be received, encoded, and packaged based on the broadcastcontent schedule. In an embodiment, the content encoder/packager 128 inthe content processing system 121 may be configured to receive, encode,and package broadcast content (or programming content), in accordancewith one or more streaming protocols to generate a plurality of encodedbroadcast content segments, based on the broadcast content schedule.Specifically, when the programming content is not available, the contentencoder/packager 128 in the content processing system 121 may retrievethe programming content, for example, media content asset, from themedia content master storage system 124, assures the quality, andprocesses the programming content to a specific standard.

The content encoder/packager 128 may further insert in-band triggers tomark the location of the ad breaks, credits, and potential overlaygraphic locations for protocols that do not constantly query themanifest for new information but instead calculate the next content tobe downloaded based on a defined algorithm. In accordance with anotherembodiment, the content encoder/packager 128 may include watermarks orin-band metadata to support program viewership measurements in broadcastuse cases. The media content asset is thus prepared for the webdistribution and hereinafter referred to as pre-encoded media asset. Thepre-encoded media asset and the corresponding manifest may be stored inthe media storage 162 of the content delivery system 160.

At 406, the media content metadata storage system 122 may be accessed todetermine media content asset duration and break schedule. In accordancewith an embodiment, the traffic system 134 may be configured to accessthe media content metadata storage system 122 to determine media contentasset duration and break schedule. The traffic system 134 may furtherdetermine the duration for each ad break to have the program end atcorrect scheduled time and have the new program start at the correctschedule time. In accordance with an embodiment, for live programs, anassumed number of ad breaks with different durations may be programmedbut the exact time of the ad breaks or the duration may not be known.

At 408, communication with the Ad/promo campaign manager 114 may beestablished to determine what non-programming content is available to bescheduled. In accordance with an embodiment, the traffic system 134 maybe configured to communicate with the Ad/promo campaign manager 114 todetermine what non-programming content is available to be scheduled. Inaccordance with an embodiment, the ad sales team may provide sold adcampaigns and internal promotional campaigns information into thead/promo campaign manager 114. The ad sales team may further provide awindow for the campaigns along with desired audience demographics andsegments, and ad versions.

In accordance with an embodiment, the traffic system 134 may schedulethe ads to play to provide the highest yield based on historicalperformance. The traffic system 134 may further mark an entire ad breakfor a downstream replacement on a consumer device, for example theconsumer device 110 a, that may individually target an ad.

Upon receiving information from the ad/promo campaign manager 114, thecontent processing system 121 may determine whether new non-programmingmedia content, such as the ads and promotional content are entered inthe system. The content processing system 121 may further determine ifthe non-programming media content are already available and has beenprocessed to a correct format. In accordance with an embodiment, whenthe non-programming content is not available, the content processingsystem 121 may order the non-programming content. Accordingly, thecontent processing system 121 receives the non-programming content,assures the quality, and processes the non-programming content to aspecific standard. The content processing system 121 may further storethe processed non-programming content in the ad/promo content masterstorage system 126.

At 410, the non-programming content may be received, encoded, andpackaged for web distribution. In accordance with an embodiment, whenthe content processing system 121 determines that the schedulednon-programming content, such as ads and promotional content, isavailable in the ad/promo content master storage system 126, thenon-programming content is retrieved from the ad/promo content masterstorage system 126. Accordingly, the content encoder/packager 128 may beconfigured to encode the non-programming content and package for webdistribution. In accordance with an embodiment, the contentencoder/packager 128 may insert in-band triggers to identify the ad orpromotional content and provide special instructions for tracking whenit is viewed. In accordance with another embodiment, the contentencoder/packager 128 may include watermarks or in-band metadata tosupport ad and promotional content viewership measurements in broadcastuse cases. The non-programming content may be prepared for webdistribution and may be stored in the media storage 162 of the contentdelivery system 160. In accordance with an embodiment, for a pre-encodedmedia asset, the traffic system 134 may leverage channel preferences todetermine when and what network logo to display, when to signal foroverlay promotions, and the like.

At 412, the schedule 111 may be generated based on insertion of aschedule for programming and non-programming content in the broadcastcontent schedule. In accordance with an embodiment, the traffic system134 may access the media content metadata storage system 122 todetermine media content asset duration and break schedule and generatethe schedule 111. Thus, the schedule 111 includes the schedule for theone or more non-programming content and/or one or more programmingcontent. In other words, the schedule 111 may include manifests for liveinput streams and/or pre-encoded media assets, and ads and promotionalcontent. In accordance with an embodiment, the schedule 111 for the oneor more non-programming content and the one or more programming contentmay be generated based on the content viewing demographics.

Prior to generation of the schedule 111, as discussed above, the contentprocessing system 121 may determine whether the non-programming mediacontent, such as the ads and promotional content, and the programmingcontent are available and have been processed to a correct format. Inaccordance with an embodiment, when the non-programming content is notavailable, the content processing system 121 may order thenon-programming content. Accordingly, the content processing system 121receives the non-programming content, assures the quality, and processesthe programming and non-programming content to a specific standard. Thecontent processing system 121 may further store the processedprogramming and non-programming content in the media content masterstorage system 124 and the ad/promo content master storage system 126,respectively. Accordingly, the content encoder/packager 128 in thecontent processing system 121 may retrieve the programming content fromthe media content master storage system 124, and the non-programmingcontent from the ad/promo content master storage system 126. The contentencoder/packager 128 may further encode and package the programming andthe non-programming content for web distribution.

In accordance with various embodiments, the traffic system 134 mayprovide the schedule 111 to the indexing and storage system 148, the VPCsystem 115, the Live to On-Demand toolkit system 117, and the streampublishing engine 150.

At 414, a live feed may be encoded and packaged according to the systemspecifications and published directly into the content delivery system160. In accordance with an embodiment, the live stream encoder/packager116 may be configured to encode and package a plurality of live feeds,into a plurality of live input streams, according to the systemspecifications and published directly into the content delivery system160. Alternatively, for live events with limited bandwidth or technicalcapabilities, a single live stream backhaul feed may be encoded anddelivered to the central ingest encode/package system 156. In accordancewith an embodiment, the live stream backhaul system 154 may encode thesingle live stream backhaul feed and deliver to the central ingestencode/package system 156. At the central ingest encode/package system156, the single live stream backhaul feed may be processed and publishedfor web distribution according to the defined system specifications.

At 416, manifests for the live input streams and pre-encoded mediaassets including non-programming content listed in the schedule 111 maybe ingested into the indexing and storage system 148. In accordance withan embodiment, the indexing and storage system 148 may be configured toingest the manifests for the live input streams live feeds andpre-encoded media assets including non-programming content listed in theschedule 111. In accordance with an embodiment, a proprietary manifestformat may be there between the content encoder/packager 128 and theindexing and storage system 148 when additional information carried inthe published manifest is required to be passed (not traditionally).

The indexing and storage system 148 may index broadcast content segmentsfrom each manifest corresponding to the live input streams and/orpre-encoded media assets. The indexing and storage system 148 may logindicators indicating ad breaks, program start, program end, graphicoverlays, and the like. The indexing and storage system 148 may furtherperform checks to validate that the live input streams and/orpre-encoded media assets are complete and ready for inclusion in thedisparate live media output stream.

At 418, a preview of live input streams based on a low-latency protocolmay be generated for a plurality of live input streams. In accordancewith an embodiment, the stream publishing engine 150 may generate apreview of the live input streams based on the low-latency protocol. Thepreview may be generated based on an insertion of a new segment from thescheduled live input stream manifest into the preview manifest of thelive input streams on an interval not greater than the previous contentsegment duration.

The preview of the live input streams that may address a Group ofPictures or Sub-Group of Pictures inside the media segments to allow astandard web player to operate closer to the live point of the disparatelive media output stream. Alternatively, a custom player may be createdthat may buffer fewer media segments to keep the playback closer to thelive point.

In accordance with an embodiment when all live feeds are backhauled to,and encoded and packaged through the central ingest encode/packagesystem 156, a low latency preview of live input stream may be publisheddirectly to the VPC system 115 from the central ingest encode/packagesystem 156. In accordance with an embodiment, the plurality of liveinput streams may include additional audio content that may identifieslocation and duration of a non-programming content for live events thatcorrespond to the plurality of live input streams. For example, suchpreview of live input stream may include an additional audio track, suchas the assistant director which often includes a countdown to ad breaksand listing their duration for live events. An operator at the VPCsystem 115 may be configured to view the preview of live input streams.The operator may further listen to the alternative audio and may updatethe schedule 111 in real-time based on the live events in the preview oflive input streams.

In accordance with an embodiment, the preview for the plurality of liveinput stream may be generated based on a low-latency protocol duringoriginal encode of the live input stream.

In accordance with an embodiment, the the stream publishing engine 150may be configured to provide the generated preview of the plurality oflive input streams that comprises audio content to the machine and/orhuman captioning system 119. The machine and/or human captioning system119 may generate programming content that includes live captions for oneor more non-captioned live events

At 420, an updated schedule may be generated based on one or more eventsidentified in the preview of the plurality of live input streams inreal-time, wherein the updated schedule includes one or more transitionsbetween the plurality of live input streams and a plurality ofpre-encoded media assets. In accordance with an embodiment, the VPCsystem 115 may be configured to generate the updated schedule based onone or more events identified in the preview of the plurality of liveinput streams in real-time, wherein the updated schedule includes one ormore transitions between the plurality of live input streams and theplurality of pre-encoded media assets. For example, the operatorassociated with the VPC system 115 may view the preview of the pluralityof live input streams including listening to the alternative audio andmay update the schedule 111 in real time based on the events in thepreview.

In accordance with an embodiment, the operator associated with the VPCsystem 115 may mark a beginning and an end of a live event in an indexof the live input streams based on the generated preview. The operatorassociated with the VPC system 115 may include the marked live event inthe at least one of the plurality of live input streams on live or ondelay according to the updated schedule for disparate live media outputstream manifest. Accordingly, the Live to On-Demand toolkit system 117may convert the marked live event in the at least one of the pluralityof live input streams to a pre-encoded media asset of the plurality ofpre-encoded media assets to support one of a replay or a delay of themarked live event to a time beyond when media segments remain availablein a content delivery system and an index of the manifest of the liveinput stream remains in the media storage 162.

In accordance with various embodiments, the generated updated schedulemay indicate insertion of a non-programming content indicator andtrafficked non-programming content for a specified duration of anon-programming content break, and insertion of the non-programmingcontent indicator and filler content for the specified duration of thenon-programming content break which allows a consumer device to replacethe filler content with targeted non-programming content. The generatedupdated schedule may further indicate a switch to an alternate liveinput stream due to one or more of: technical defects, a live eventended on a current live input stream ahead of scheduled time, and/or aprovision of a different vantage point for the live event. The generatedupdated schedule may further indicate insertion of a filler programcontent as a first live event ended before scheduled time and the nextevent has not yet started, and/or a start of the next event ahead ofschedule if the first live event ended early. The generated updatedschedule may further indicate a delay to switch to a next scheduled liveinput stream or a pre-encoded media asset if current live event runs fora time period that exceeds a threshold time period, insertion of agraphical treatment indicator to be inserted at the consumer device,and/or insertion of a programming content indicator to mark a beginningor an end of a live event in the disparate live media output streammanifest.

At 422, a preview stream of the live stream output manifest may begenerated when closed captions for a live event is requested. Inaccordance with an embodiment, the stream publishing engine 150 may beconfigured to generate the preview stream of the live stream outputmanifest when the closed captions for the live event are requested. Thestream publishing engine 150 may be configured to communicate thepreview stream of the live stream output manifest to the machine and/orhuman captioning system 119.

At 424, a live captions stream may be generated. In accordance with anembodiment, the VPC system 115 may be configured to generate the livecaptions stream. The segmented caption files in the live captions streammay be published to the content delivery system 160. The caption streammanifest may be delivered to the stream publishing engine 150 to bepublished along with the other video and audio streams.

At 426, a disparate live media output stream manifest may be generatedbased on manipulation of manifests of a plurality of live input streamsand plurality of pre-encoded media assets in accordance with updatedschedule. In accordance with an embodiment, the stream publishing engine150 may be configured to generate the disparate live media output streammanifest based on manipulation of manifests of a plurality of live inputstreams and plurality of pre-encoded media assets in accordance withupdated schedule.

In accordance with an embodiment, the generated disparate live mediaoutput stream manifest may be delayed to allow decisions based on thepreviewed plurality of live input streams in a disparate live mediaoutput stream. The disparate live media output stream may includeprogramming content and non-programming content available to the one ormore processors for immediate consumption. Further, the disparate livemedia output stream complies with distribution format regulations. Thedistribution format regulations complies with Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC) standards regarding closed captioning (in case ofbroadcast or Internet streaming) , TV ratings, information, markedratings, inclusion and complies with stream owner/operator requirementsfor network logos and identification.

During the generation of the disparate live media output stream, thestream publishing engine 150 may encounter indicators marking an adbreak within the pre-encoded media asset manifest, in the live inputstream manifest, in the original schedule 111, or added to the schedule111 by the VPC system 115. Accordingly, the stream publishing engine 150may insert ad indicators in the disparate live media output streammanifest and stitch in non-programming content, such as ads, promos orfiller content, included in the schedule 111. In accordance with anotherembodiment, when the stream publishing engine 150 encounters indicatorsmarking overlays within the pre-encoded media asset manifest, in thelive input stream manifest, in the original schedule 111 or added to theschedule 111 by the VPC system 115, the stream publishing engine 150 mayinsert indicators in the disparate live media output stream manifestaccording to the schedule 111.

FIG. 5 depicts another flowchart illustrating exemplary operations forpublishing a disparate live media output stream that complies withdistribution format regulations by the media packaging and distributionsystem 102 of FIG. 1B, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of thedisclosure.

At 502, a live input stream and a manifest of the live input stream maybe captured from one of the content delivery system 160 or the mediastorage 162. In accordance with an embodiment, the Live to On-Demandtoolkit system 117 may be configured to capture the live input streammanifest for the defined scheduled time or between the program start andend indictors. The Live to On-Demand toolkit system 117 captures thelive input stream manifest when the schedule 111 is defined to indicatewhether an event in the live input stream is to be captured for re-playor to create pre-encoded media asset.

At 504, one or more media segments may be referenced in the live inputstream manifest to be moved from an edge of the content delivery system160. In accordance with an embodiment, the Live to On-Demand toolkitsystem 117 may be configured to communicate with the content deliverysystem 160 to move the media segments listed in the asset from thenetwork edge. The media segments may be eventually be purged from thecontent delivery system 160 and moved to the more permanent mediastorage 162 inside the content delivery system 160.

In accordance with an embodiment, as defined by the schedule 111, theLive to On-Demand toolkit system 117 may maintain the ad indicatorsmarking the break locations but removing the originally scheduled ads orfiller content from the archived pre-encoded media asset manifest. Thead breaks may be deleted, reduced in duration, or extended in durationduring playback of the pre-encoded media asset or during a scheduledre-play of the live event in the disparate live media output streammanifest.

At 506, the one or more media segments, referenced in the live inputstream manifest, may be edited. In accordance with an embodiment, theLive to On-Demand toolkit system 117 may be configured to edit the oneor more media segments referenced in the live input stream manifest. TheLive to On-Demand toolkit system 117 may provide an interface for theoperator to view the archived content and edit the manifest to add ormove indicators, remove some media segments, and/or change some of thereferenced one or more media segments.

The interface may be provided in case an ad break signal was missed ortriggered at the wrong time. The program start and end may be trimmed ifthe capture was based on time or a start or end trigger was missed.Content that for some reason is not to be included in the pre-encodedmedia asset or during a replay of the live event may be removed.Alternative audio segments may be referenced with muted audio in casesomething was said in the live event that needs to be removed from thepre-encoded media asset or replay of the event. Indictors for the creditstart and end may be inserted if not included in the original eventairing. Further, overlay indicators may be inserted or removed if notincluded or improperly included in the original event airing.

At 508, a defined range of the one or more media segments may beselected, extracted, and decrypted for additional one or more editsthrough the interface. In accordance with an embodiment, the Live toOn-Demand toolkit system 117 may be configured to select, extract, anddecrypt the defined range of the one or more media segments foradditional one or more edits through the interface. In such case, uponviewing by a human or machine, the defined range of media segments maybe selected for additional editing beyond the capabilities of simplemanifest manipulation.

The selected, extracted, and decrypted defined range of the one or moremedia segments may correspond to the highest quality profile and may becombined into a file format that correspond to one or more of a singlevideo file, a single audio file for each audio track, and a singlecaption file for each supported language in case of a preferred fileformat over the one or more media segments in the defined range. TheLive to On-Demand toolkit system 117 may download the file format forthe defined range and edit locally or remotely based on a video editingprogram, and submit the edited file through the content processingsystem 121 and moved to the content delivery system 160. The edited andprocessed media segments may be referenced in place of the originalmedia segments in the pre-encoded media asset for the archived livecontent. In accordance with an embodiment, the Live to On-Demand toolkitsystem 117 may be further configured to encode the edited one or moremedia segments and package to match specifications of the live inputstream.

At 510, the manifest of the modified pre-encoded media asset for a liveevent may be indexed as a new pre-encoded media asset and made availablefor a playback, a delayed playback in the live input stream, or are-play of the live event in the disparate live media output stream. Inaccordance with an embodiment, the indexing and storage system 148 maybe configured to index the manifest of the modified pre-encoded mediaasset for a live event as the new pre-encoded media asset and madeavailable for a playback, a delayed playback in the live input stream,or a re-play of the live event in the disparate live media outputstream.

At 512, the manifest of live input stream may be manipulated based onidentified one or more media segments. In accordance with an embodiment,the stream publishing engine 150 may be configured to manipulate amanifest of the generated pre-encoded media asset for the live event toreplace references to the original one or more media segments with thenewly created edited one or more media segments. The manifest may bemanipulated due to one or more factors. For example, the manifest may bemanipulated for a removal of references to the one or more mediasegments prior to a live event start indicator and after a live eventend indicator. The manifest may be manipulated to maintain indicatorsthat mark locations of a non-programming content and removal of durationinformation and at least one referenced media segment that correspondsto originally schedule non-programming content. The manifest may bemanipulated when the duration of the non-programming content is definedwhen generated pre-encoded media asset is played back or repeatedlyplayed back. The manifest may be further manipulated based on insertionof one or more indicators that mark a location of a live event start andend and removal of references to the one or more media segments prior tothe live event start and after the live event end in case the capturewas based on a scheduled time that was inaccurate or an indicator whichmarks that the live event start or end was missed. The manifest may befurther manipulated to insert the one or more indicators that marklocations of non-programming content and a removal of the referenced oneor more media segments for originally scheduled non-programming contentin case an indicator for a non-programming content was missed. Themanifest may be further manipulated for a movement of an indicator thatmarks an event if was inaccurately aligned with media content andremoval of the references to a desired media segment based on a newlocation of the event indicator. The manifest may be further manipulatedto facilitate removal of the references to the one or more mediasegments that are to be excluded in the generated pre-encoded mediaasset, a delayed play of the live event, or a replay of the live event.The manifest may be further manipulated for a replacement of originalaudio media segments with alternative audio media segments. Thealternative audio media segments may correspond to segments with mutedaudio if a portion of an audio content is to be excluded in thegenerated pre-encoded media asset, a delayed play of the live event, ora re-play of the live event. The manifest may be further manipulated tofacilitate an insertion or a movement of the one or more indicators thatmark graphical treatment if originally unmarked or improperly alignedwith the media content in the live input stream.

At 514, the encoded and packaged one or more media segments may bepublished to the media storage 162 on the content delivery system 160 togenerate pre-encoded media asset for repeated playback based onmanipulation of manifest of live input stream. In accordance with anembodiment, the stream publishing engine 150 may be further configuredto publish the encoded and packaged one or more media segments to themedia storage 162 on the content delivery system 160. Accordingly, apre-encoded media asset for repeated playback based on manipulation ofmanifest of live input stream may be generated.

FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a hardwareimplementation for the media packaging and distribution system employinga processing system for publishing a disparate live media output streamthat complies with distribution format regulations, in accordance withan exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 6 , the hardware implementation shown by arepresentation 600 for the stream playout and distribution system 112employs a processing system 602 for publishing a disparate live mediaoutput stream that complies with distribution format regulations, inaccordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, as describedherein.

In some examples, the processing system 602 may comprise one or morehardware processor 604, a non-transitory computer-readable medium 606, abus 608, a bus interface 610, and a transceiver 612. FIG. 6 furtherillustrates the VPC system 115, content processing system 121, thecontent processing system 121, the broadcast network scheduler 132, thetraffic system 134, the schedule planning database 136, the indexing andstorage system 148, the stream publishing engine 150, and the Live toOn-Demand toolkit system 117, as described in detail in FIGS. 1A and 1B.

The hardware processor 604 may be configured to manage the bus 608 andgeneral processing, including the execution of a set of instructionsstored on the computer-readable medium 606. The set of instructions,when executed by the processor 604, causes the stream playout anddistribution system 112 to execute the various functions describedherein for any particular apparatus. The hardware processor 604 may beimplemented, based on a number of processor technologies known in theart. Examples of the hardware processor 604 may be a Reduced InstructionSet Computing (RISC) processor, an Application-Specific IntegratedCircuit (ASIC) processor, a Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC)processor, and/or other processors or control circuits.

The non-transitory computer-readable medium 606 may be used for storingdata that is manipulated by the processor 604 when executing the set ofinstructions. The data is stored for short periods or in the presence ofpower. The computer-readable medium 606 may also be configured to storedata for one or more of the VPC system 115, content processing system121, the content processing system 121, the broadcast network scheduler132, the traffic system 134, the schedule planning database 136, theindexing and storage system 148, the stream publishing engine 150, andthe Live to On-Demand toolkit system 117.

The bus 608 is configured to link together various circuits. In thisexample, the media content packaging and distribution system 102employing the processing system 602 and the non-transitorycomputer-readable medium 606 may be implemented with bus architecture,represented generally by bus 608. The bus 608 may include any number ofinterconnecting buses and bridges depending on the specificimplementation of the media content packaging and distribution system102 and the overall design constraints. The bus interface 610 may beconfigured to provide an interface between the bus 608 and othercircuits, such as, the transceiver 612, and external devices, such asthe source device 118, the external data source 120, the Ad decisioningserver 106, and the consumer devices 110 a, . . . , 110 n.

The transceiver 612 may be configured to provide a communication of thestream playout and distribution system 112 with various other apparatus,such as the Ad decisioning servers 106 a, . . . , 106 n, the consumerdevices 110 a, . . . , 110 n, the external data source 120, and thesource device 118, via the network 108. The transceiver 612 maycommunicate via wireless communication with networks, such as theInternet, the Intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellulartelephone network, a wireless local area network (WLAN) and/or ametropolitan area network (MAN). The wireless communication may use anyof a plurality of communication standards, protocols and technologies,such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSMEnvironment (EDGE), Long Term Evolution (LTE), wideband code divisionmultiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), timedivision multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)(such as IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n),voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), and/or Wi-MAX.

It should be recognized that, in some embodiments of the disclosure, oneor more components of FIG. 6 may include software whose correspondingcode may be executed by at least one processor, for across multipleprocessing environments. For example, the VPC system 115, contentprocessing system 121, the content processing system 121, the broadcastnetwork scheduler 132, the traffic system 134, the schedule planningdatabase 136, the indexing and storage system 148, the stream publishingengine 150, and the Live to On-Demand toolkit system 117, may includesoftware that may be executed across a single or multiple processingenvironments.

In an aspect of the disclosure, the processor 604, the computer-readablemedium 606, or a combination of both may be configured or otherwisespecially programmed to execute the operations or functionality of theVPC system 115, content processing system 121, the content processingsystem 121, the broadcast network scheduler 132, the traffic system 134,the schedule planning database 136, the indexing and storage system 148,the stream publishing engine 150, and the Live to On-Demand toolkitsystem 117, or various other components described herein, as describedwith respect to FIGS. 1A to 5 .

Various embodiments of the disclosure comprise the media packaging anddistribution system 102 that may be configured for publishing adisparate live media output stream that complies with distributionformat regulations. The media packaging and distribution system 102 maycomprise, for example, the stream playout and distribution system 112.The stream playout and distribution system 112 may further comprise theVPC system 115, content processing system 121, the content processingsystem 121, the broadcast network scheduler 132, the traffic system 134,the schedule planning database 136, the indexing and storage system 148,the stream publishing engine 150, and the Live to On-Demand toolkitsystem 117. In accordance with an embodiment, one or more processors inthe stream publishing engine 150 may be configured to generate a previewbased on a low-latency protocol for a plurality of live input streams.In accordance with an embodiment, the plurality of live input streamsmay include additional audio content that identifies location andduration of a non-programming content for live events that correspond tothe plurality of live input streams. One or more media segments of alive input stream of the plurality of live input streams are editedbased on manipulation of a manifest of the live input stream.

The VPC system 115 may be configured to generate an updated schedulebased on one or more events identified in the preview of the live inputstreams in real-time. The updated schedule may include one or moretransitions between the plurality of live input streams and a pluralityof pre-encoded media assets. The stream publishing engine 150 may beconfigured to generate a disparate live media output stream manifestbased on manipulation of manifests of the plurality of live inputstreams and the plurality of pre-encoded media assets in accordance withthe updated schedule. The generated disparate live media output streammanifest may be delayed to allow decisions based on the preview of liveinput streams in a disparate live media output stream. The generateddisparate live media output stream manifest may correspond to adisparate live media output stream. The disparate live media outputstream may include programming content and non-programming contentavailable to the one or more processors for immediate consumption. Thedisparate live media output stream complies with distribution formatregulations.

In accordance with an embodiment, the programming content provided bythe one or more processors in real time corresponds to one or morenon-programming indicators and graphical treatment indicators. Theprogramming content provided by the one or more processors in real timecorresponds to closed captions and additional descriptors. The VPCsystem 115 may be configured to convert the programming content to aseries of captioning files that are published in the content deliverysystem 160 and a captioning manifest that is indexed and published alongwith video and audio manifests corresponding to video and audio segmentsin the generated disparate live media output stream manifest.

In accordance with an embodiment, the stream publishing engine 150 maybe configured to generate a preview of live input streams based oninsertion of a new segment from a scheduled manifest of the live inputstream into a preview manifest of the live input stream on an intervalnot greater than previous media segment duration. The preview of thelive input stream is generated based on a low-latency protocol duringoriginal encode of the live input stream. For the preview of live inputstreams, the stream publishing engine 150 may be further configured tocreate a custom manifest to individually address a Group of pictures ora Sub-group of pictures within a media segment that allows a mediaplayer of a consumer device to operate closer to a live point of a liveinput stream. In accordance with an embodiment, for the preview of thelive input streams, a custom player may be created to operate with ashorter buffer and operate closer to a live point of a live inputstream.

The stream publishing engine 150 may be configured to determineinsertion of a next media segment to the disparate live media outputstream manifest based on the generated updated schedule. The generatedupdated schedule may indicate one or more of insertion of anon-programming content indicator and trafficked non-programming contentfor a specified duration of a non-programming content break, andinsertion of the non-programming content indicator and filler contentfor the specified duration of the non-programming content break whichallows a consumer device to replace the filler content with targetednon-programming content. The generated updated schedule may indicate aswitch to an alternate live input stream due to one or more of:technical defects, a live event ended on a current live input streamahead of scheduled time, or a provision of a different vantage point forthe live event. The generated updated schedule may indicate insertion offiller program content as a first live event ended before scheduled timeand the next event has not yet started. The generated updated schedulemay further indicate a start of the next event ahead of schedule if thefirst live event ended early, a delay to switch to a next scheduled liveinput stream or a pre-encoded media asset if current live event runs fora time period that exceeds a threshold time period, insertion of agraphical treatment indicator to be inserted at the consumer device, andinsertion of a programming content indicator to mark a beginning or anend of a live event in the disparate live media output stream manifest.

In accordance with an embodiment, the stream publishing engine 150 maybe configured to provide the generated preview of the live input streamsthat comprises audio content to the machine and/or human captioningsystem 119. The machine and/or human captioning system 119 may beconfigured to generate programming content that includes live captionsfor one or more non-captioned live events. The stream publishing engine150 may be configured to align a programming content manifest includedin the disparate live media output stream manifest with video and audiomedia segments in the disparate live media output stream manifest.

In accordance with an embodiment, the VPC system 115 may be configuredto mark a beginning and an end of a live event in an index of at leastone of the plurality of live input streams based on the generatedpreview. The VPC system 115 may be further configured to include themarked live event in the at least one of the plurality of live inputstreams in the disparate live media output stream manifest on live or ondelay according to the updated schedule for disparate live media outputstream manifest. The VPC system 115 may be further configured to convertthe marked live event in the at least one of the plurality of live inputstreams to a pre-encoded media asset of the plurality of pre-encodedmedia assets to support one of a replay or a delay of the marked liveevent to a time beyond when media segments remain available in a contentdelivery system and an index of the manifest of the live input streamremains in a memory unit.

In accordance with an aspect of the disclosure, a system, such as theLive to On-Demand toolkit system 117, may comprise one or moreprocessors configured to capture a live input stream and a manifest ofthe live input stream from one of the content delivery system 160 ormedia storage 162. The Live to On-Demand toolkit system 117 may befurther configured to identify one or more media segments referenced inthe manifest for one or more edits. The one or more edits may correspondto removal or replacement of the one or more media segments referencedin the manifest based on one or more indicators in the manifest. Themanifest of the live input stream may be manipulated based on theidentified one or more media segments. Accordingly, a pre-encoded mediaasset may be generated for a repeated playback based on the manipulationof the manifest of the live input stream. In accordance with anembodiment, the schedule 111 may be defined that indicates whether anevent in the live input stream is to be captured. The capture of themanifest may be based on a defined time specified in the schedule orbased on a program start and or a program end indicators in the liveinput stream. The Live to On-Demand toolkit system 117 may be furtherconfigured to move the one or more media segments referenced in themanifest from an edge of the content delivery system 160. In accordancewith various embodiments, the manipulation of the manifest maycorrespond to one or more of a removal of references to the one or moremedia segments prior to a live event start indicator and after a liveevent end indicator, and/or maintain indicators that mark locations of anon-programming content and removal of duration information and at leastone referenced media segment that corresponds to originally schedulenon-programming content. The duration of the non-programming content maybe defined when generated pre-encoded media asset is played back orrepeatedly played back. The manipulation of the manifest may furthercorrespond insertion of one or more indicators that mark a location of alive event start and end and removal of references to the one or moremedia segments prior to the live event start and after the live eventend in case the capture was based on a scheduled time that wasinaccurate or an indicator which marks that the live event start or endwas missed, and/or insertion of the one or more indicators that marklocations of non-programming content and a removal of the referenced oneor more media segments for originally scheduled non-programming contentin case an indicator for a non-programming content was missed. Themanipulation of the manifest may further correspond a movement of anindicator that marks an event if was inaccurately aligned with mediacontent and removal of the references to a desired media segment basedon a new location of the event indicator, removal of the references tothe one or more media segments that are to be excluded in the generatedpre-encoded media asset, a delayed play of the live event, or a replayof the live event, a replacement of original audio media segments withalternative audio media segments, and/or insertion or a movement of theone or more indicators that mark graphical treatment if originallyunmarked or improperly aligned with the media content in the live inputstream. The alternative audio media segments may correspond to segmentswith muted audio if a portion of an audio content is to be excluded inthe generated pre-encoded media asset, a delayed play of the live event,or a re-play of the live event.

In accordance with an embodiment, the Live to On-Demand toolkit system117 may provide an interface to select, extract, and decrypt a definedrange of the one or more media segments for additional one or moreedits. The selected, extracted, and decrypted defined range of the oneor more media segments corresponds to the highest quality profile andcombined into a file format that correspond to one or more of a singlevideo file, a single audio file for each audio track, and a singlecaption file for each supported language in case the one or moreprocessors prefer the file format over a plurality of individual mediasegments in the defined range. The Live to On-Demand toolkit system 117may be configured to download the file format for the define range andedited locally or remotely based on a video editing program. Inaccordance with an embodiment, the edited one or more media segments maybe encoded and package to match a specifications of the live inputstream. Further, the encoded and packaged one or more media segments maybe published by the stream publishing engine 150 to the media storage162 on the content delivery system 160.

In accordance with an embodiment, the Live to On-Demand toolkit system117 may be configured to modify a manifest of the generated pre-encodedmedia asset for a live event to replace references to the original oneor more media segments with the newly created edited one or more mediasegments. Accordingly, the stream publishing engine 150 may publish themanifest of the modified pre-encoded media asset for the live event tothe media storage 162 on the content delivery system 160.

In accordance with an embodiment, the manifest of the modifiedpre-encoded media asset for a live event may be indexed by the indexingand storage system 148 as a new pre-encoded media asset and madeavailable for a playback, a delayed playback in the live input stream,or a re-play of the live event in the disparate live media outputstream.

Various embodiments of the disclosure may provide a computer-readablemedium, such as the non-transitory computer-readable medium 606, havingstored thereon, computer implemented instruction that when executed bythe processor 604 causes the media packaging and distribution system 102to execute operations for publishing a disparate live media outputstream that complies with distribution format regulations. In accordancewith an embodiment, the processor 604 causes the stream playout anddistribution system 112 in the media packaging and distribution system102 to execute operations to generate a preview based on a low-latencyprotocol for a plurality of live input streams. In accordance with anembodiment, the plurality of live input streams may include additionalaudio content that identifies location and duration of a non-programmingcontent for live events that correspond to the plurality of live inputstreams. One or more media segments of a live input stream of theplurality of live input streams are edited based on manipulation of amanifest of the live input stream.

The processor 604 causes the VPC system 115 to execute operations togenerate an updated schedule based on one or more events identified inthe preview of live input streams in real-time. The updated schedule mayinclude one or more transitions between the plurality of live inputstreams and a plurality of pre-encoded media assets. The streampublishing engine 150 may be configured to generate a disparate livemedia output stream manifest based on manipulation of manifests of theplurality of live input streams and the plurality of pre-encoded mediaassets in accordance with the updated schedule. The generated disparatelive media output stream manifest may be delayed to allow decisionsbased on the previewed live input streams in a disparate live mediaoutput stream. The generated disparate live media output stream manifestmay correspond to a disparate live media output stream. The disparatelive media output stream may include programming content andnon-programming content available to the one or more processors forimmediate consumption. The disparate live media output stream complieswith distribution format regulations.

Typically, in the broadcast industry, production control systems areutilized to allow an operator to switch between live input streamsreceived from live sources, play pre-encoded media assets, such as VODassets, insert and trigger non-programming content, and insert graphicaltreatment, such as network and program rating bugs. Further, for sourceswithout embedded closed captions, the production control systems alsosupport providing an audio feed to an operator, such as a stenographer,for creation and insertion of the closed captions. The output of suchproduction control systems are referred to as a fully produced feedready for distribution.

However, such production control systems require the live sources to beaggregated at a central location, so that the production control systemscan decode corresponding live input streams into baseband forprocessing. The aggregation and decoding is essential in case of liveinput streams as corresponding schedules tend to change owing to variousreasons, such as when live events or programs end early or run long.Such systems require all the content to be backhauled, encoded, decoded,and then re-encoded at different times. In case of the pre-encoded mediaassets, fast switching may be required between the redundant broadcastair chains in case of a failure. But, this approach is expensive and istherefore suited for such channels that can attract large audiences tojustify the cost.

Leveraging an understanding of modern web streaming protocols, the mediapackaging and distribution system 102 may virtualize the productioncontrol functions, eliminating the need to aggregate and decode the livesources at a central location, and continue reduction in latency forsuch protocols. Thus, not everything has to come back to a centralcontrol location, get decoded and processed. An operator is providedwith a view of the available live sources slightly ahead of the endconsumer. The operator may then in real-time adjust the schedule tocontrol switching between the various live input sources and On-Demandcontent including ads, as well as insert ad and overlay indicators intothe live output manifest. The switches may be executed simply bymanipulating the text-based live output manifest based on instructionsfrom the operator. Content is allowed to be published to a contentdelivery system and leverage manifest manipulation, perform switching,using an extra manifest with closed captions and insert the manifest tovideo content. Thus, a new manifest may be created with closed captionsbased on other streams, like live-to-live streams and VOD-to-livesignals, at the client side.

Because the media content itself does not need to be processed beyondthe initial creation of the live streams and pre-encoded media assetsprepared for web distribution, it is extremely inexpensive to provide afully produced output feed. It is based solely on the cost to manipulatethe text-based manifests, which provide the instructions for thereceivers or consumer devices to execute. The system can supporttargeted ad insertion at the receiver or individual consumer devicesthrough the insertion of tags in the live stream manifest. It furtherleverages the processing power of the receivers and consumer devices toinsert targeted channel graphics and overlay advertisements andpromotions.

The switch time between the live sources is equal to the duration of theadaptive bit rate segment, which over the past few years has decreasedfrom 10 seconds to 2 seconds and will continue to reduce over time, forexample half-a-second. The media packaging and distribution system 102facilitates the switch latency to continue to decline with the segmentduration due to enhanced performance of the content delivery system. Incertain examples, for example, sports gambling, latencies are furtherrequired to be dropped.

The VPC system 115 may archive live programs, for example Olympics beingbroadcasted from a foreign location as live stream in another time zone,for an event replay at a desired time, for example 2-3 hours later. Inaddition to archiving the program as a pre-encoded media asset, themedia packaging and distribution system 102 may mark the location of thead breaks while removing the underlying content for the duration of thebreak, so said breaks can be eliminated, reduced in duration, orextended in duration when the asset is replayed.

Finally included in the Live to On-Demand toolkit is the functionalityto edit portions of the archived content prior to replay. Editing may bedone to simply remove some of the referenced video and audio segmentsfrom the manifest if something happened in the live show that should notbe included in the replay, to replace some of the audio segments withmuted audio if something was said during the live broadcast that needsto be removed, or to download and edit a short sequence of video andaudio segments, submit only that portion of the asset to the contentprocessing system, and then edit the manifest to reference the editedsegments. For example, in case of a Live baseball game, if a playerflips off, a fan wouldn't like to watch the same. Thus, the Live toOn-Demand toolkit may facilitate such segments to be removed from thebroadcast content.

As utilized herein the terms “circuits” and “circuitry” refer tophysical electronic components (i.e. hardware) and any software and/orfirmware (“code”) which may configure the hardware, be executed by thehardware, and/or otherwise be associated with the hardware. As usedherein, for example, a particular processor and memory may comprise afirst “circuit” when executing a first one or more lines of code and maycomprise a second “circuit” when executing a second one or more lines ofcode. As utilized herein, “and/or” means any one or more of the items inthe list joined by “and/or”. As an example, “x and/or y” means anyelement of the three-element set {(x), (y), (x, y)}. As another example,“x, y, and/or z” means any element of the seven-element set {(x), (y),(z), (x, y), (x, z), (y, z), (x, y, z)}. As utilized herein, the term“exemplary” means serving as a non-limiting example, instance, orillustration. As utilized herein, the terms “e.g.,” and “for example”set off lists of one or more non-limiting examples, instances, orillustrations. As utilized herein, circuitry is “operable” to perform afunction whenever the circuitry comprises the necessary hardware and/orcode (if any is necessary) to perform the function, regardless ofwhether performance of the function is disabled, or not enabled, by someuser-configurable setting.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of embodiments ofthe disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the”are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the contextclearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that theterms “comprises”, “comprising”, “includes” and/or “including”, whenused herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps,operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude thepresence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps,operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

Further, many embodiments are described in terms of sequences of actionsto be performed by, for example, elements of a computing device. It willbe recognized that various actions described herein can be performed byspecific circuits (e.g., application specific integrated circuits(ASICs)), by program instructions being executed by one or moreprocessors, or by a combination of both. Additionally, these sequencesof actions described herein can be considered to be embodied entirelywithin any non-transitory form of computer readable storage mediumhaving stored therein a corresponding set of computer instructions thatupon execution would cause an associated processor to perform thefunctionality described herein. Thus, the various aspects of thedisclosure may be embodied in a number of different forms, all of whichhave been contemplated to be within the scope of the claimed subjectmatter. In addition, for each of the embodiments described herein, thecorresponding form of any such embodiments may be described herein as,for example, “logic configured to” perform the described action.

Another embodiment of the disclosure may provide a non-transitorymachine and/or computer readable storage and/or media, having storedthereon, a machine code and/or a computer program having at least onecode section executable by a machine and/or a computer, thereby causingthe machine and/or computer to perform the steps as described herein forpublishing a disparate live media output stream using pre-encoded mediaassets.

The present disclosure may also be embedded in a computer programproduct, which comprises all the features enabling the implementation ofthe methods described herein, and which when loaded in a computer systemis able to carry out these methods. Computer program in the presentcontext means any expression, in any language, code or notation, eitherstatically or dynamically defined, of a set of instructions intended tocause a system having an information processing capability to perform aparticular function either directly or after either or both of thefollowing: a) conversion to another language, code or notation; b)reproduction in a different material form.

Further, those of skill in the art will appreciate that the variousillustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, algorithms, and/or stepsdescribed in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may beimplemented as electronic hardware, computer software, firmware, orcombinations thereof. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability ofhardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules,circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms oftheir functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented ashardware or software depends upon the particular application and designconstraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans mayimplement the described functionality in varying ways for eachparticular application, but such implementation decisions should not beinterpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the presentdisclosure.

The methods, sequences and/or algorithms described in connection withthe embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in firmware,hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in acombination thereof. A software module may reside in RAM memory, flashmemory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk,physical and/or virtual disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, virtualizedsystem or device such as a virtual server or container, or any otherform of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium iscommunicatively coupled to the processor (including logic/code executingin the processor) such that the processor can read information from, andwrite information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, thestorage medium may be integral to the processor.

While the present disclosure has been described with reference tocertain embodiments, it will be noted understood by, for example, thoseskilled in the art that various changes and modifications could be madeand equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope ofthe present disclosure as defined, for example, in the appended claims.In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particularsituation or material to the teachings of the present disclosure withoutdeparting from its scope. The functions, steps and/or actions of themethod claims in accordance with the embodiments of the disclosuredescribed herein need not be performed in any particular order.Furthermore, although elements of the disclosure may be described orclaimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated unless limitation tothe singular is explicitly stated. Therefore, it is intended that thepresent disclosure not be limited to the particular embodimentdisclosed, but that the present disclosure will include all embodimentsfalling within the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system, comprising: a memory for storinginstructions; and a processor configured to execute the instructions,and based on the instructions, the processor is further configured to:manipulate a manifest of a live input stream based on a media segmentidentified for an edit, wherein the manipulation of the manifestcorresponds to removal of references to the media segment prior to alive event start indicator and after a live event end indicator,maintenance of an indicator that marks a location of a non-programmingcontent, and removal of duration information and referenced mediasegment that corresponds to originally scheduled non-programmingcontent; and generate a pre-encoded media asset for a repeated playbackbased on the manipulation of the manifest of the live input stream. 2.The system according to claim 1, wherein the processor is furtherconfigured to define a schedule that indicates whether an event in themanifest of the live input stream is to be captured, wherein themanifest of the live input stream that is to be captured is based on adefined time specified in the schedule or based on a program start andor a program end indicators in the live input stream, and wherein themedia segment referenced in the manifest is moved from an edge of acontent delivery system.
 3. The system according to claim 1, wherein themanipulation of the manifest corresponds to: inserting an indicator thatmarks a location of a live event start, a live event end, and theremoval of the references to the media segment prior to the live eventstart indicator and after the live event end indicator in case the liveinput stream and the manifest is captured based on a scheduled time thatwas inaccurate or an indicator which marks that the live event start orthe live event end was missed, inserting the indicator that marks thelocation of the non-programming content and the removal of thereferenced media segment for the originally scheduled non-programmingcontent in case the indicator for the non-programming content wasmissed, moving an indicator that marks an event inaccurately alignedwith media content and removal of the references to a desired mediasegment based on a new location of an event indicator, removing of thereferences to the media segment that are to be excluded in the generatedpre-encoded media asset, a delayed play of the live event, or a replayof the live event, replacing original audio media segment withalternative audio media segment, wherein the alternative audio mediasegment corresponds to segments with muted audio if a portion of anaudio content is to be excluded in the generated pre-encoded mediaasset, the delayed play of the live event, or the replay of the liveevent, and/or inserting or a moving the indicator that marks graphicaltreatment if originally unmarked or improperly aligned with the mediacontent in the live input stream.
 4. The system according to claim 1,wherein the processor is further configured to select, extract, anddecrypt a defined range of the media segment for an additional edit. 5.The system according to claim 4, wherein the selected, extracted, anddecrypted defined range of the media segment corresponds to a highestquality profile and combined into a file format that corresponds to asingle video file, a single audio file for each audio track, and/or asingle caption file for each supported language in case the file formatis preferred over a plurality of individual media segment in the definedrange, wherein the processor is further configured to download the fileformat for the defined range, and wherein the media segment is editedlocally or remotely based on a video editing program.
 6. The systemaccording to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:encode an edited media segment and package to match a specifications ofthe live input stream; and publish the encoded and packaged mediasegment to a media storage on a content delivery system.
 7. The systemaccording to claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured tomodify a manifest of the generated pre-encoded media asset for a liveevent to replace references to an original media segment with a newlycreated edited media segment.
 8. The system according to claim 7,wherein the processor is further configured to publish the modifiedmanifest of the generated pre-encoded media asset for the live event toa media storage on a content delivery system.
 9. The system according toclaim 7, wherein the modified manifest of the generated pre-encodedmedia asset for the live event is indexed as a new pre-encoded mediaasset and made available for a playback, a delayed playback in the liveinput stream, or a re-play of the live event in a disparate live mediaoutput stream.
 10. The system according to claim 7, wherein theprocessor is further configured to capture the live input stream and themanifest of the live input stream from one of a content delivery systemor a storage system, wherein the media segment is referenced in themanifest.
 11. A method, comprising: manipulating, by a processor, amanifest of a live input stream based on a media segment identified foran edit, wherein the manipulation of the manifest corresponds to removalof references to the media segment prior to a live event start indicatorand after a live event end indicator, maintenance of indicators thatmark locations of a non-programming content, and removal of durationinformation and referenced media segment that corresponds to originallyscheduled non-programming content; and generating, by the processor, apre-encoded media asset for a repeated playback based on themanipulation of the manifest of the live input stream.
 12. The methodaccording to claim 11, further comprising defining, by the processor, aschedule that indicates whether an event in the live input stream is tobe captured, wherein the manifest is captured based on a defined timespecified in the schedule or based on a program start and or a programend indicators in the live input stream, and wherein the media segmentreferenced in the manifest is moved from an edge of a content deliverysystem.
 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the manipulationof the manifest corresponds to: inserting an indicator that marks alocation of a live event start and a live event end and the removal ofthe references to the media segment prior to the live event startindicator and after the live event end indicator in case the live inputstream and the manifest are captured based on a scheduled time that wasinaccurate or an indicator which marks that the live event start or thelive event end was missed, inserting the indicator that marks thelocation of the non-programming content and the removal of thereferenced media segment for the originally scheduled non-programmingcontent in case the indicator for the non-programming content wasmissed, moving an indicator that marks an event inaccurately alignedwith media content and removal of the references to a desired mediasegment based on a new location of an event indicator, removing thereferences to the media segment that are to be excluded in the generatedpre-encoded media asset, a delayed play of the live event, or a replayof the live event, replacing original audio media segment withalternative audio media segment, wherein the alternative audio mediasegment correspond to segments with muted audio if a portion of an audiocontent is to be excluded in the generated pre-encoded media asset, thedelayed play of the live event, or the replay of the live event, and/orinserting or moving the indicator that mark graphical treatment iforiginally unmarked or improperly aligned with the media content in thelive input stream.
 14. The method according to claim 11, furthercomprising selecting, extracting, and decrypting, by the processor, adefined range of the media segment for additional edit.
 15. The methodaccording to claim 14, further comprising downloading, by the processor,a file format for the defined range, wherein the media segment is editedlocally or remotely based on a video editing program, and wherein theselected, extracted, and decrypted defined range of the media segmentcorresponds to a highest quality profile and combined into the fileformat that corresponds to a single video file, a single audio file foreach audio track, and/or a single caption file for each supportedlanguage in case the file format is preferred over a plurality ofindividual media segment in the defined range.
 16. The method accordingto claim 11, further comprising: encoding, by the processor, an editedmedia segment and packaging to match a specifications of the live inputstream; and publishing, by the processor, the encoded and packaged mediasegment to a media storage on a content delivery system.
 17. The methodaccording to claim 11, further comprising, modifying, by the processor,a manifest of the generated pre-encoded media asset for a live event toreplace references to an original media segment with a newly creatededited media segment.
 18. The method according to claim 17, furthercomprising publishing, by the processor, the modified manifest of thegenerated pre-encoded media asset for the live event to a media storageon a content delivery system.
 19. The method according to claim 11,further comprising capturing, by the processor, the live input streamand the manifest of the live input stream from one of a content deliverysystem or a storage system, wherein the media segment is referenced inthe manifest.
 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium havingstored thereon, computer implemented instruction which when execute by aprocessor, causes the processor to execute operations, the operationscomprising: manipulating a manifest of a live input stream based on amedia segment identified for an edit, wherein the manipulation of themanifest corresponds to removal of references to the media segment priorto a live event start indicator and after a live event end indicator,maintenance of indicators that mark locations of a non-programmingcontent, and removal of duration information and referenced mediasegment that corresponds to originally scheduled non-programmingcontent; and generating a pre-encoded media asset for a repeatedplayback based on the manipulation of the manifest of the live inputstream.